Upgrading and Repairing PCs

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Upgrading and Repairing PCs

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P-cable shielded connectors (SCSI) 2nd
P-CHS parameters
P-Ratings
    AMD processors 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
    Cyrix processors 2nd 3rd 4th
P-Ratings (Performance Ratings)
    AMD processors 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
    Cyrix processors 2nd 3rd 4th
p-Si (low-temperature polysilicon)
P-Type semiconductors
P5 (586) processors
    Pentium-compatible
        AMD-K6 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th
        Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX 2nd 3rd 4th
        NexGen Nx586 2nd
P5 (586) processors (Pentium)
    address bus width
    addressable memory
    BiCMOS
    BTB (branch target buffer)
    cache 2nd 3rd
    DIMM width
    first-generation 2nd 3rd
        manufacturing problems
        OverDrive upgrades
    instruction processing
    math coprocessor
    math coprocessors
        FDIV (floating-point divide) bug 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    OverDrive Processors
        steppings 2nd 3rd
    packaging
    Pentium-MMX 2nd 3rd
        clock speeds
        SIMD
        steppings
        voltage
        voltages 2nd
        VRM
    power management bugs
        HALT instruction
        STPCLK# pin
    second-generation 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
        APIC (advanced programmable interrupt controller)
        BF pins 2nd
        clock multipliers 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        overclocking
        packaging
        speeds 2nd
        transistors
    SIMM width
    specifications 2nd
    steppings
        classic (non-MMX) steppings
        Model 1
    superscalar architecture
    twin data pipelines
        u-pipes/v-pipes
    voltage 2nd
    voltages 2nd
P6 (686) processors
    Celeron 2nd
        benefits 2nd
        DIB (Dual Independent Bus)
        DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
        dynamic execution
        FC-PGA (flip chip pin grid array) package
        instruction execution
        manufacturing
        PPGA (plastic pin grid array) package 2nd
        running 32-bit software 2nd
        SEP (single edge processor) package
    Pentium II 2nd
        cache 2nd
        DIB (Dual Independent Bus) 2nd
        DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
        die sizes
        dynamic execution 2nd 3rd 4th
        heating/cooling issues 2nd
        iCOMP 2.0 Index rating
        installation
        instruction execution
        MMX technology
        Mobile Module 2nd
        multiprocessing
        power usage
        processor ID information 2nd
        running 32-bit software 2nd
        SEC (Single Edge Contact) packaging 2nd
        specifications 2nd 3rd
        speeds 2nd
        transistors
        voltage ID definitions 2nd
    Pentium II/III Xeon
        Level 2 cache
        overclocking 2nd
        SEC cartridge
    Pentium III 2nd
        architectural features 2nd
        DIB (Dual Independent Bus)
        DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
        dynamic execution
        ID markings
        instruction execution
        Level 2 cache
        overclocking
        running 32-bit software 2nd
        SECC2 package
        variations 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    Pentium Pro 2nd
        cache
        chipsets
        DIB (Dual Independent Bus) 2nd
        DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
        Dual Cavity PGA packaging
        dynamic execution 2nd 3rd
        form factors
        instruction execution
        integrated L2 cache 2nd
        MCM (multichip module)
        running 32-bit software 2nd
        specifications 2nd 3rd
        speeds
        transistors
        VID (voltage identification) pins 2nd
    Pentium-compatible
        AMD Athlon 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
        AMD Athlon MP 2nd
        AMD Athlon XP 2nd 3rd 4th
        AMD Duron 2nd 3rd
        AMD-K6 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th
        Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX 2nd 3rd 4th
        NexGen Nx586 2nd
        VIA C3 2nd
P64H (PCI controller hub)
P7 processors. [See Itanium]2nd [See Itanium]
P8 power supply connectors 2nd 3rd
P9 power supply connectors 2nd 3rd
PAC (PCI/AGP Controller). [See North Bridge chipsets]
PAC (pin array cartridge) packaging
packaging
    Pentium II processors
        SEC (Single Edge Contact) 2nd
    Pentium Pro processors
        Dual Cavity PGA packaging
    Pentium processors
        second-generation
    processors
        BBUL (bumpless build-up layer)
        FC-PGA (flip-chip pin grid array) 2nd
        PAC (pin array cartridge) packaging
        PGA (pin grid array) 2nd 3rd
        PLGA (plastic land grid array)
        SEC (single edge contact) 2nd
        SECC2 (single edge contact cartridge 2)
        SEP (single edge processor)
        SPGA (staggered pin grid array)
        TCP (tape carrier packaging)
packet writing 2nd 3rd
packetization
packetized SCSI standard
packets
    ATAPI (AT Attachment Packet Interface) 2nd 3rd
paddle boards
Page Mode memory. [See FPO DRAM (Fast Page Mode DRAM)]
paged memory. [See FPO DRAM (Fast Page Mode DRAM)]
pairing
    data pipelines
        Pentium processors
PAL (Phase Alternate Line)
Palette Snooping setting (BIOS Video Configuration menu)
parallel crossover cables
parallel null modem cables
Parallel port setting (BIOS Peripheral Configuration menu)
parallel ports 2nd
    bidirectional parallel ports 2nd
    CD/DVD drives 2nd 3rd
    configuration 2nd
    DCC (Direct Cable Connection) 2nd
    ECP (Enhanced Capabilities Port) 2nd
    EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port) 2nd 3rd
    file transfers 2nd 3rd
    IEEE-1284 standard 2nd
        port modes 2nd
        port types
    linking systems with 2nd 3rd 4th
    parallel-to-SCSI converters 2nd
    pinouts 2nd
    standard parallel ports 2nd
    Super I/O chips
    testing 2nd
    upgrading 2nd
parallel track path (PTP) 2nd
parallel-to-SCSI converters 2nd
parameter limitations (CHS)
    ATA CHS parameter limits
    BIOS CHS parameter limits 2nd
    combined parameter limits 2nd
parameter translation. [See translation]
parameters
    formatted floppy disk drive parameters 2nd
    Windows keyboard parameters 2nd
PARD (Periodic and Random Deviation)
parity
    analog modems
    block data with 2nd
    striping with
parity bits 2nd 3rd
parity checking
    chipset support
    disabling
    fake parity modules
    NMIs (nonmaskable interrupts)
    odd parity 2nd
    parity bits 2nd 3rd
    parity-check messages 2nd 3rd
    SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
parity errors
    troubleshooting 2nd
parity inner (PI) bytes
parity outer (PO) bytes
parity-check messages 2nd 3rd
Parkinson, Cyril Northcote
ParkinsonÕs Law 2nd
part numbers (memory modules) 2nd 3rd
part numbers (power connectors) 2nd
part numbers (ROM) 2nd
    EEPROM (electronically erasable programmable ROM)
    EPROM (erasable programmable ROM)
    PROM (programmable ROM)
Partial CAV (constant angular velocity) technology
Partial-Response, Maximum-Likelihood (PRML) 2nd
Partition Commander 2nd 3rd
partitioning hard disk drives 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
    . [See also file systems]2nd [See also file systems]
    advantages of 2nd
    aftermarket utilities 2nd
    Disk Management 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    FAT
        extended partitions 2nd
        master partition boot records 2nd
        primary partitions
    FDISK 2nd 3rd 4th
        drive letter assignments 2nd 3rd 4th
        FAT32 volumes 2nd 3rd
        large hard disk support 2nd 3rd
        limitations 2nd 3rd
    master partition boot records 2nd
        bootstrap code
        master partition table
        signature bytes
PartitionMagic 2nd 3rd
partitions
    . [See also file systems]2nd [See also file systems]
    creating 2nd
    FAT
        extended partitions 2nd
        master partition boot records 2nd
        primary partitions
    FAT (file allocation table)
    FAT32 (file allocation table, 32-bit)
    master partition boot records 2nd
        bootstrap code
        master partition table
        signature bytes
    NTFS (Windows NT File System)
parts grabbers 2nd 3rd
Pascal, Blaise 2nd
Pascaline digital adding machine
passive backplane systems 2nd
passive heatsinks 2nd 3rd
passive PFC (power factor correction)
passive preventative maintenance
    dust 2nd
    heating and cooling 2nd 3rd
    operating environment 2nd
    pollutants 2nd
    power cycling 2nd 3rd 4th
    power-line noise 2nd 3rd 4th
    RFI (radio-frequency interference) 2nd 3rd
    static electricity 2nd 3rd
Passive Release setting (BIOS Setup)
passive SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) terminators 2nd
passive-matrix LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors 2nd
passwords
    BIOS (basic input/output system) Setup
    bypassing
patents
PC 2001 System Design Guide
PC Card 2nd
PC Design Guide Web site 2nd
PC design guides 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
PC Health setting (BIOS Setup)
PC motherboards 2nd
PC Power and Cooling
    425W power supply
    custom cases
    power supplies 2nd
PC Power and Cooling, Inc.
    contact information
PC-compatible systems 2nd 3rd 4th
    buses
        bus widths 2nd
PC/PCI interface
PC/XT power supply 2nd
PC/XT systems
    power supply 2nd
PC/XT-class (extended PC) systems 2nd
    bus designs
    compared to AT-class systems 2nd
    expansion slots 2nd
PC133 memory support
    Intel 815/815E chipsets 2nd
PC99 Design Guide Web site
PCA (power calibration area)
PCI
    BIOS PCI Configuration menu
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) buses
PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface)
    modems
PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface) buses 2nd 3rd 4th
    adapter cards
    bandwidth
    board configurations 2nd
    bus types
    interrupts 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
    PCI Express 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    specifications 2nd
PCI buses
PCI Configuration menu (BIOS Setup) 2nd
PCI Express 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
PCI ISA IDE Xcelerator (PIIX) chip
PCKeyboard.com Web site
PCM Upstream
PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association). [See PC Card]
PDP-8 computer
peak inrush current (power supply)
peer-to-peer networks 2nd
    compared to client/server networks 2nd 3rd
    size of
Peerless drives
Pentium 4 2nd 3rd 4th
    heatsinks 2nd
    memory requirements 2nd
    power supply issues 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
    specifications 2nd 3rd
    steppings 2nd 3rd
Pentium 4 processors
    chipsets
        Aladdin P4 2nd
        Apollo P4X266 family
        Apollo P4X400
        Apollo P4X400A
        ATI chipsets 2nd 3rd 4th
        hub architecture 2nd
        ICH5
        ICH5R
        Intel 845 family 2nd 3rd
        Intel 850 family 2nd 3rd
        Intel 865 family 2nd
        Intel 875P 2nd
        Intel Extreme Graphics Architecture 2nd
        M1581/M1563 2nd
        ProSavage P4M266 2nd
        quick reference of ALi chipsets 2nd
        quick reference of Pentium 4 chipsets 2nd 3rd 4th
        quick reference of SiS chipsets 2nd
        quick reference of VIA chipsets 2nd 3rd 4th
        SiS 645/645DX
        SiS 648/655DX
        SiS 650/651 2nd
        SiS R658 2nd
        vendors 2nd
    maximum installable memory
    Pentium 4 SYSmark 2002 ratings 2nd 3rd
Pentium CPUs
    bus widths 2nd 3rd
Pentium II processors 2nd
    cache 2nd
    chipsets 2nd 3rd
    DIB (Dual Independent Bus) 2nd
    DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
    die sizes
    dymamic execution 2nd
    dynamic execution 2nd
        data flow analysis 2nd
        multiple branch prediction 2nd
        speculative execution 2nd 3rd
    heating/cooling issues 2nd
    iCOMP 2.0 Index rating
    iCOMP 2.0 index ratings 2nd
    iCOMP 3.0 index ratings
    installation
    instruction execution 2nd
    Level 1 cache 2nd
    Level 2 cache 2nd
    maximum installable memory
    MMX technology
    Mobile Module 2nd
    multiprocessing
    power usage
    processor ID information 2nd
    running 32-bit software 2nd
    SEC (Single Edge Contact) packaging
    SEC (single edge contact) packaging
    SEC (Single Edge Contact) packaging
    SEC (single edge contact) packaging
    SEP (single edge processor) packaging
    socket specifications 2nd 3rd
    specifications 2nd 3rd
    speeds 2nd
    transistors
    voltage ID definitions 2nd
Pentium II/III processors
    chipsets
        Aladdin Pro 4 2nd
        Aladdin Pro 5 2nd
        Aladdin Pro II 2nd
        Aladdin TNT2 2nd
        Apollo KLE133 2nd
        Apollo Pro 2nd
        Apollo Pro Plus 2nd
        Apollo Pro133 2nd
        Apollo Pro133A 2nd
        Apollo Pro266 2nd
        Intel 440BX 2nd 3rd
        Intel 440EX 2nd
        Intel 440FX 2nd
        Intel 440GX 2nd
        Intel 440LX 2nd
        Intel 440ZX 2nd
        Intel 440ZX-66 2nd
        Intel 450KX/GX 2nd
        Intel 450NX 2nd
        Intel 810 2nd 3rd
        Intel 810E 2nd 3rd 4th
        Intel 810E2 2nd 3rd
        Intel 815 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        Intel 815E 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        Intel 815EP 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        Intel 820 2nd 3rd 4th
        Intel 820E 2nd 3rd 4th
        Intel 840 2nd 3rd 4th
        ProSavage PM133 2nd
        quick reference of SiS chipsets
        quick reference of VIA chipsets 2nd 3rd
        reference table 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        SiS600/5595 2nd
        SiS620/5595 2nd
        SiS630 2nd 3rd
        SiS633/635 2nd
Pentium II/III Xeon processors 2nd
    Level 2 cache
    SEC cartridge
Pentium III processors 2nd
    architectural features 2nd
    DIB (Dual Independent Bus)
    DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
    dynamic execution
    iCOMP 3.0 index ratings
    ID markings
    instruction execution
    Level 2 cache
    maximum installable memory
    overclocking
    running 32-bit software 2nd
    SEC (single edge contact) packaging 2nd
    SECC2 (single edge contact cartridge 2) packaging
    SECC2 package
    SEP (single edge processor) packaging
    socket specifications 2nd 3rd
    SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions) 2nd 3rd 4th
    variations 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Pentium Overdrive processors 2nd
Pentium OverDrives
    486SX2/DX2 systems 2nd
Pentium Pro processors 2nd
    cache
    chipsets
        440FX
        Aladdin Pro 4 2nd
        Aladdin Pro 5 2nd
        Aladdin Pro II 2nd
        Aladdin TNT2 2nd
        Apollo KLE133 2nd
        Apollo Pro 2nd
        Apollo Pro Plus 2nd
        Apollo Pro133 2nd
        Apollo Pro133A 2nd
        Apollo Pro266 2nd
        Intel 440BX 2nd 3rd
        Intel 440EX 2nd
        Intel 440FX
        Intel 440GX 2nd
        Intel 440LX 2nd
        Intel 440ZX 2nd
        Intel 440ZX-66 2nd
        Intel 450KX/GX 2nd
        Intel 450NX 2nd
        Intel 810 2nd 3rd
        Intel 810E 2nd 3rd 4th
        Intel 810E2 2nd 3rd
        Intel 815 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        Intel 815E 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        Intel 815EP 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        Intel 820 2nd 3rd 4th
        Intel 820E 2nd 3rd 4th
        Intel 840 2nd 3rd 4th
        ProSavage PM133 2nd
        quick reference of SiS chipsets
        quick reference of VIA chipsets 2nd 3rd
        reference table 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        SiS600/5595 2nd
        SiS620/5595 2nd
        SiS630 2nd 3rd
        SiS633/635 2nd
    DIB (Dual Independent Bus) 2nd
    DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
    Dual Cavity PGA packaging
    dynamic execution 2nd 3rd
        data flow analysis 2nd
        multiple branch prediction 2nd
        speculative execution 2nd 3rd
    form factors
    iCOMP 2.0 index ratings 2nd
    instruction execution 2nd
    integrated L2 cache 2nd
    maximum installable memory
    MCM (multichip module)
    running 32-bit software 2nd
    socket specifications 2nd 3rd
    specifications 2nd 3rd
    speeds
    SPGA (staggered pin grid array) packaging
    transistors
    VID (voltage identification) pins 2nd
Pentium processors
    address bus width
    addressable memory
    BiCMOS
    BTB (branch target buffer)
    cache
        Level 2
        modes
    chipsets
        Intel 430FX (Triton) 2nd 3rd
        Intel 430HX (Triton II) 2nd 3rd
        Intel 430LX (Mercury) 2nd
        Intel 430NX (Neptune) 2nd
        Intel 430TX 2nd
        Intel 430VX (Triton III) 2nd
        reference table 2nd 3rd
    DIMM width
    first-generation 2nd 3rd
        manufacturing problems
        OverDrive upgrades
    iCOMP 2.0 index ratings 2nd
    instruction processing
    math coprocessor
    math coprocessors
        FDIV (floating-point divide) bug 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    maximum installable memory
    MMX (multimedia extensions) 2nd 3rd
    OverDrive processors 2nd
        steppings
        voltages 2nd
    packaging
    Pentium II
        DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
        dynamic execution 2nd
    Pentium III
        DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
    Pentium Pro
        DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
        dynamic execution 2nd
    power management bugs 2nd
    second-generation 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
        APIC (advanced programmable interrupt controller)
        BF pins 2nd
        clock multipliers 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        overclocking
        packaging
        speeds 2nd
        transistors
    SIMM width
    socket specifications 2nd 3rd
    specifications 2nd
    SPGA (staggered pin grid array) packaging
    SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions) 2nd 3rd 4th
    steppings
        classic (non-MMX)
        Model 1
    superscalar architecture
    twin data pipelines
        u-pipes/v-pipes
    voltage 2nd
    voltages 2nd
Pentium-compatible processors
    AMD Athlon 2nd 3rd
        PGA processor information 2nd
        Slot-A cartridge processor information 2nd
    AMD Athlon MP 2nd
    AMD Athlon XP 2nd 3rd 4th
    AMD Duron 2nd 3rd
    AMD-K6 2nd
        3DNow! technology 2nd
        BIOS support
        future developments
        motherboard compatibility 2nd
        multiplier settings 2nd
        specifications 2nd
        technical features 2nd
        voltage 2nd
    Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
        cache
        speeds
        technical features 2nd
    NexGen Nx586 2nd
    specifications
    VIA C3 2nd
Pentium-MMX processors 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
    clock speeds
    iCOMP 2.0 index ratings 2nd 3rd
    SIMD
    steppings
    voltage
    voltages 2nd
    VRM
performance
    ATA (AT Attachment) 2nd
    CATV networks 2nd 3rd
    CD/DVD drive standards and specifications
        access times 2nd 3rd
        buffers/cache 2nd
        CPU utilization 2nd
        data transfer rates 2nd
        DMA (Direct Memory Access) 2nd 3rd
    hard disk drives
        access times 2nd
        average seek times 2nd 3rd
        cache controllers 2nd
        cache programs 2nd
        interleave 2nd 3rd
        latency 2nd
        reliability 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
        transfer rates 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th
    memory
        DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) 2nd
        DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) 2nd
        module speeds 2nd 3rd
        RDRAM (Rambus DRAM) 2nd
        SDRAM (synchronous DRAM) 2nd 3rd
    memory speed
        clock speeds 2nd 3rd
        cycle times 2nd 3rd
        interleaving
        latency
        memory bus bandwidth
        MHz (megahertz) 2nd 3rd
        nanoseconds
        processor bus bandwidth 2nd
    SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
    wireless input devices 2nd 3rd
performance optimization
    56Kbps modems 2nd
    cable modems
    software
Performance Ratings. [See P-Ratings]
Performance tab (Display Control Panel)
performanceÓDirecWAY
Periodic and Random Deviation (PARD)
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) buses
Peripheral Configuration menu (BIOS Setup) 2nd
Peripheral Connect Interface buses. [See PCI buses]
peripheral diagnostics software
peripheral power connectors
    physical connector part numbers 2nd
    pinouts 2nd 3rd 4th
peripherals
    BIOS Peripheral Configuration menu 2nd
    BIOS USB Configuration menu 2nd
    keyboards
        cleaning 2nd 3rd
    mouse
        cleaning 2nd 3rd
peripherals. [See input devices]
permissions
    NTFS (New Technology File System)
perpendicular read/write heads 2nd&n