Upgrading and Repairing PCs Free Open Book

Upgrading and Repairing PCs

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M1533 South Bridge chips 
M1535D South Bridge chips  2nd 
M1535D+ South Bridge chips  2nd 
M1543 South Bridge chips 
M1543C South Bridge chips 
M1563 South Bridge chips 
M1581/M1563 chipsets  2nd 
M1647 chiups 
M1687/M1563 chipsets 
Macintosh
    compatibles  2nd 
    HFS (Hierarchical File System) 
Macintosh computers 
Macintosh.  [See Apple]
Macrovision
    CopyGuard  2nd 
    SafeAudio 
    SafeDisc  2nd 
Maestro-2 sound cards 
MAG InnoVision
    contact information 
magazines
    Computer Reseller News 
    Computer Shopper 
magnetic disk media 
magnetic fields  2nd 
    flux  2nd  3rd  4th 
    risks to floppy disks 
magnetic flux 
magnetic shielding
    speakers 
magnetic storage  2nd  [See also hard disk drives]3rd  4th  [See also hard disk drives]5th 
    areal density  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        defined 
        increasing  2nd  3rd 
        Õpixie dustÕ technology  2nd 
        superparamagnetic effect 
    bit cells (transition cells)  2nd 
    capacity measurements  2nd  3rd 
    disk/tape material 
    electromagnetism  2nd  3rd 
    encoding schemes  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        ARLL (Advanced Run Length Limited) 
        clock signals  2nd 
        comparison of  2nd  3rd 
        endecs 
        FM (Frequency Modulation) 
        MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation)  2nd  3rd 
        RLL (Run Length Limited)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        timing  2nd  3rd 
    flux  2nd  3rd  4th 
    head sliders  2nd  3rd 
    history of  2nd  3rd 
    magnetic fields  2nd 
    PRML (Partial-Response, Maximum-Likelihood)  2nd 
    read process  2nd 
    read/write heads  2nd  3rd  4th 
        AMR (anistropic magneto-resistant)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        ferrite  2nd 
        GMR (giant magneto-resistive)  2nd  3rd 
        MIG (Metal-In-Gap)  2nd 
        MR (magneto-resistive)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        perpedicular heads  2nd 
        TF (thin film)  2nd  3rd 
    write process  2nd  3rd 
magnetic storage devices  2nd  3rd 
    Bernoulli drives 
    compared to magneto-optical drives  2nd 
    drive letter assignments  2nd 
        DOS  2nd  3rd  4th 
        Windows 9x/Me  2nd  3rd  4th 
        Windows NT/2000/XP  2nd 
    Jaz drives 
    LS-120 SuperDisk drives 
    LS-240 SuperDisk drives  2nd 
    magneto-optical drives  2nd 
        compared to magnetic drives  2nd 
        Fujitsu DynaMO 
        read/write process  2nd 
        Sony 
    Microdrive technology  2nd 
    Orb drives 
    Peerless drives 
    Shark drives 
    SyQuest drives 
    tape drives  2nd 
        ADR (Advanced Digital Recording)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th 
        advantages of  2nd 
        AIT (Advanced Intelligent Tape)  2nd  3rd 
        alternatives to  2nd 
        backup software  2nd  3rd 
        capacity  2nd 
        choosing  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        comparison of  2nd 
        costs  2nd 
        DAT (Digital Audio Tape)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th 
        data throughput  2nd 
        disadvantages of  2nd 
        disaster recovery 
        DLT (Digital Linear Tape) 
        installation  2nd 
        LTO (Linear Tape-Open)  2nd 
        QIC  2nd  3rd 
        QIC-Wide  2nd  3rd 
        SLR drives 
        software compatibility  2nd 
        summary of standards  2nd 
        tape compatibility 
        tape retensioning 
        Travan  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th 
        troubleshooting  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        VXA drives  2nd 
    Zip drives  2nd 
        Zip 100 
        Zip 250 
        Zip 750 
magnetic tape media 
magneto-optical drives
    .  [See also optical storage]
    compared to magnetic drives  2nd 
    drive letter assignments  2nd 
        DOS  2nd  3rd  4th 
        Windows 9x/Me  2nd  3rd  4th 
        Windows NT/2000/XP  2nd 
    Fujitsu DynaMO 
    read/write process  2nd 
    removable drives  2nd 
    Sony 
magneto-resistive (MR) read/write heads  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
main boards.   [See motherboards]
main memory.  [See RAM (random access memory)]2nd  [See RAM (random access memory)]
main menu (BIOS Setup)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
main power connectors (ATX)  2nd  3rd 
Maintenance menu (BIOS Setup)  2nd  3rd 
Maintenance Wizard 
maintenance.  [See care and maintenance]2nd  [See care and maintenance]3rd  [See care and maintenance]
Make codes (keyboards) 
managed hubs 
management
    power management  2nd 
        ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) 
        APM (Advanced Power Management)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        desktop systems 
        Energy Star systems  2nd 
        portable systems 
manual drive parameters
    configuring  2nd  3rd 
manufacturer-supplied diagnostic software 
manufacturers
    UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) chips 
manufacturers.  [See vendors]2nd  [See specific manufacturer name]3rd  [See specific manufacturer names]
manufacturing
    processors
        .09 micron manufacturing 
        .13 micron manufacturing  2nd 
        bonding 
        Celeron processors 
        coppermine 
        dies 
        doping 
        metallization layers 
        overclocking fraud 
        overclocking protection 
        photolithography  2nd 
        processor fakes  2nd  3rd 
        processor remarking  2nd  3rd 
        silicon 
        steppers 
        test process  2nd 
        wafers  2nd  3rd 
        yields 
manufacturing CD-ROM discs  2nd  3rd 
manufacturing tests 
mapping
    drive letters  2nd 
        DOS  2nd  3rd  4th 
        Windows 9x/Me  2nd  3rd  4th 
        Windows NT/2000/XP  2nd 
Mark Events as Read setting (BIOS Event Logging menu) 
Mask ROM (read-only memory)  2nd 
maskable interrupts  2nd 
masks
    486 processors 
mass-producting CD-ROM discs  2nd  3rd 
Master Boot Record (MBR)  2nd 
master boot records  2nd 
    format of  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
master drives
    ATA (AT Attachment) 
master file table (MFT)  2nd 
master partition tables 
Master Photo CD discs 
master position 
master separation (CD-ROMs) 
math chips  [See math coprocessors]
math coprocessors
    486 processors 
    486DX processors 
    487SX  2nd 
    80287  2nd 
    80387  2nd 
    8087 
    Pentium processors 
        FDIV (floating-point divide) bug  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    processors  2nd  3rd  4th 
        instruction sets 
        optional 
        specifications  2nd 
        speeds  2nd 
matrix math extensions (MMX)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th 
Matrox
    3D chipsets 
    multiple-head video chipsets 
Matrox Graphics
    contact information 
Mauchly, John 
Mauchly, John W. 
Maxell Corporation
    contact information 
maximum cache 
Maximum Capacity setting (BIOS IDE Configuration menu) 
maximum load current (power supply) 
maximum safe speed
    processor clock speeds 
maximum speeds (processors)  2nd 
maximum trap (DMMs) 
Maxtor
    DiamondMax D540X-4G120J6
        transfer rate specifications  2nd 
Maxtor Corp.
    contact information 
Maxtor/Quantum
    low-level formatting software 
    Web site 
MBR (/MBR) parameter (FDISK utility)  2nd  3rd 
MBR (Master Boot Record)  2nd 
MCA (microchannel architecture) buses  2nd 
    interrupts  2nd 
McAfee.com 
MCH (Memory Controller Hub)  2nd  3rd 
McKinley (Itanium 2)  2nd  3rd  4th 
MCM (multichip module) 
    Pentium Pro processors 
MCPs (media and communications processors) 
mean time between failures (MTBF)  2nd 
Mean Time Between Failures.  [See MTBF]
Mean Time To Failure.  [See MTTF]
measurements
    magnetic storage capacity  2nd  3rd 
measuring
    voltage  2nd  3rd 
mechanical calculators  2nd 
mechanical keyswitches  2nd 
    capacitive  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    foam element  2nd  3rd 
    membrane  2nd  3rd  4th 
    pure mechanical  2nd  3rd 
    rubber dome  2nd 
    stuck keyswitches  2nd 
media
    recording media 
        AFC (antiferromagnetically coupled)  2nd 
        oxide  2nd 
        thin-film  2nd  3rd 
media and communications processors (MCPs) 
media layers (CD-R)  2nd 
media specifications (floppy disks) 
    coercivity  2nd 
    density  2nd 
    disk thickness 
media transfer rates 
media-density-selector hole (floppy disks) 
megahertz (MHz)  2nd 
Megahertz (MHz) 
megahertz (MHz) 
membrane keyswitches  2nd  3rd  4th 
MemCor 
memory
    addressable
        Pentium processors 
    buffers
        buffer underrun protection 
    cache
        486DX processors 
    cache memory 
    contact metals  2nd 
    DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) 
    DIMMs (dual inline memory modules) 
        contact metals 
        installation 
    DMA (Direct Memory Access) 
        busmaster DMA 
        multiword  2nd 
        singleword  2nd 
        UDMA (Ultra-DMA) 
    DMA (Direct Memory Access) channels
        sound card conflicts 
    memory testers  2nd 
    POST (power on self test) memory count  2nd 
    RAM
        DIMMs 
        SIMMs 
    RIMMs (Rambus inline memory modules) 
        contact metals 
        installation 
    SIMMs (single inline memory modules)
        contact metals 
        installation  2nd 
    UMA (unified memory architecture) 
    video RAM (random access memory)  2nd  3rd 
        DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) 
        DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) 
        minimum requirements  2nd 
        RAM calculations  2nd  3rd  4th 
        SDRAM (synchronous DRAM) 
        SGRAM (synchronous graphics RAM) 
        speed  2nd 
        video bus width 
memory (RAM)  [See also ROM (read-only memory)]2nd  3rd 
    286 processors 
    386 processors 
    386SX processors 
    486DX processors 
    8088/8086 processors 
    adapter memory configuration 
        conflicts 
        determining  2nd 
    ATX motherboards 
    banks  2nd  3rd  4th 
        defined 
        widths  2nd 
    BEDO RAM (burst extended data out RAM) 
    buffered modules 
    buffers
        buffer underruns  2nd  3rd 
    buying tips 
        DIMMs  2nd 
        RIMMs  2nd 
        SIMMs  2nd 
        suppliers  2nd 
    cache  2nd  3rd 
        access times 
        asynchronous design 
        bus snooping 
        cache controllers 
        cache tag 
        CD/DVD drives  2nd 
        compared to DRAM  2nd 
        controllers  2nd 
        defined  2nd 
        direct-mapped cache 
        four-way set associative cache 
        fully associative mapped cache 
        hard disk drive cache controllers  2nd 
        hard disk drive cache programs  2nd 
        hit ratio 
        Level 1  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th 
        Level 1 cache  2nd  3rd  4th 
        Level 2  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th 
        Level 2 cache  2nd  3rd 
        maximum cache 
        nonblocking cache 
        Pentium-MMX improvements 
        pipeline burst mode 
        set associative cache 
        speed  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        synchronous design 
        TLB (translation lookaside buffer) 
        write-back cache 
        write-through cache 
    chip capacities  2nd  3rd 
    CMOS RAM
        addresses  2nd  3rd 
        compared to BIOS (basic input/output system) 
        diagnostic status codes  2nd 
    CMOS RAM settings
        accessing  2nd 
        additional setup features  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        Advanced menu  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        backing up  2nd 
        Boot Configuration menu  2nd 
        Boot Device Priority menu  2nd 
        Boot menu  2nd 
        Diskette Configuration menu  2nd 
        Event Logging menu  2nd  3rd 
        Exit menu  2nd 
        Extended Configuration menu  2nd 
        Fan Control Configuration menu 
        IDE Configuration menu  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        main menu  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        Maintenance menu  2nd  3rd 
        PCI Configuration menu  2nd 
        Peripheral Configuration menu  2nd 
        PnP Configuration menu 
        Power menu  2nd  3rd  4th 
        Resource Configuration menu 
        saving  2nd 
        Security menu  2nd  3rd 
        summary of menus  2nd 
        USB Configuration menu  2nd 
        Video Configuration menu  2nd  3rd 
    compared to ROM (read-only memory) 
    compared to storage  2nd 
    conventional memory barrier 
    cost  2nd 
    DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)  2nd  3rd 
    DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)  2nd 
    defined 
    DIMMs (dual inline memory modules) 
        168-pin DIMM pinouts  2nd  3rd  4th 
        184-pin DIMM pinouts  2nd  3rd  4th 
        240-pin DDR2 DIMM pinouts  2nd  3rd 
        buffered 
        buying tips  2nd 
        capacities  2nd 
        gold-plated  2nd  3rd  4th 
        illustration 
        installation  2nd 
        memory banks  2nd  3rd 
        part numbers  2nd  3rd 
        SPD (serial presence detect) 
        tin-plated  2nd  3rd  4th 
        unbuffered 
    DIP (dual inline package) chips 
    DMA (Direct Memory Access)
        CD/DVD drives  2nd  3rd 
    DMA (Direct Memory Access) channels 
        16-bit ISA  2nd 
        8-bit ISA  2nd 
    DRAM (dynamic RAM) 
        compared to SRAM  2nd 
        DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)  2nd  3rd 
        DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)  2nd 
        FPO DRAM (Fast Page Mode DRAM)  2nd  3rd 
        RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        refresh rates 
        SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)  2nd  3rd 
        soft errors 
        transistor/capacitor pairs  2nd 
    dynamic video memory 
    EDO RAM (extended data out RAM)  2nd  3rd 
    FPO DRAM (Fast Page Mode DRAM)  2nd  3rd 
    gold-plated contacts  2nd  3rd  4th 
    hard fails 
    HMA (high memory area) 
    installation  2nd  3rd  4th 
        DIMMs  2nd 
        ESD (electrostatic discharge) 
        RIMMs  2nd 
        SIMMs 
    intelligent memory management 
    layou 
    logical mapping 
    logical memory layout  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        conventional memory  2nd 
        UMA (Upper Memory Area)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th 
        video RAM  2nd 
        XMS (Extended Memory Specification)  2nd  3rd  4th 
    maximum installable memory  2nd  3rd 
    memory buses 
    MMU (memory management unit) 
    module speeds  2nd  3rd 
    motherboard CMOS RAM addresses  2nd 
    narrow-channel systems 
    parity checking
        chipset support 
        disabling 
        fake parity modules 
        NMIs (nonmaskable interrupts) 
        odd parity  2nd 
        parity bits  2nd  3rd 
        parity-check messages  2nd  3rd 
    RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        even cycles 
        module types and bandwith  2nd 
        odd cycles 
        patents 
        power savings 
    registered modules  2nd 
    RIMMs (Rambus inline memory modules) 
        buying tips  2nd 
        capacities 
        gold-plated  2nd  3rd  4th 
        installation  2nd  3rd  4th 
        keying options 
        part numbers  2nd  3rd 
        pinouts  2nd  3rd 
        tin-plated  2nd  3rd  4th 
    RTC/NVRAM (real-time clock/nonvolatile memory) 
    RTC/NVRAM batteries  2nd  3rd  4th 
    SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)  2nd  3rd 
    shared memory  2nd 
    SIMMs (single inline memory modules)  2nd 
        buying tips  2nd 
        capacities 
        gold-plated  2nd  3rd  4th 
        illustration 
        installation 
        memory banks  2nd  3rd 
        part numbers  2nd  3rd 
        pinouts  2nd  3rd  4th 
        presence detect pin configurations  2nd  3rd 
        tin-plated  2nd  3rd  4th 
    soft errors 
        alpha particles 
        cosmic rays  2nd 
        ECC (error correcting code)  2nd 
        fault tolerance  2nd 
        incorrect memory types 
        line noise 
        parity checking  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        power glitches 
        radio frequency interference 
        static discharge 
        timing glitches 
    speed 
        clock speeds  2nd  3rd 
        cycle times  2nd  3rd 
        interleaving 
        latency 
        memory bus bandwidth 
        MHz (megahertz)  2nd  3rd 
        nanoseconds 
        processor bus bandwidth  2nd 
    SRAM (static RAM)  [See also cache]2nd  3rd 
        access times 
        asynchronous design 
        cache controllers  2nd 
        cache hit ratio 
        compared to DRAM  2nd 
        Level 1 cache  2nd  3rd  4th 
        Level 2 cache  2nd  3rd 
        maximum cache 
        pipeline burst mode 
        synchronous design 
    tin-plated contacts  2nd  3rd  4th 
    total installed memory  2nd  3rd 
    total usable memory  2nd  3rd 
    troubleshooting 
        diagnostics utilities 
        divide errors 
        fatal exception errors 
        general faults 
        global protection faults 
        memory defect isolation  2nd  3rd 
        module testers 
        parity errors 
        step-by-step procedures  2nd 
        write-back cache 
    Ultra-DMA
        CD/DVD drives  2nd  3rd 
    UMA (upper memory area  2nd 
    unbuffered modules 
    upgrading 
        higher-capacity modules  2nd 
        upgrade options and strategies  2nd 
    VGA (video graphics array) memory  2nd 
    volatile storage 
    wide-channel systems 
memory (ROM)
    IPL (initial program load) 
memory (ROM).  [See ROM BIOS]
Memory Bank settings (BIOS main menu) 
memory buses 
Memory Controller Hub (MCH)  2nd  3rd 
Memory Hole at 15M-16M setting (BIOS Setup) 
Memory In Cassette (MIC) chips 
memory management unit (MMU) 
Memory Stick 
Memory Stick Pro 
Memory Test error message 
Memory test fail (error message) 
memory testers  2nd  3rd  4th 
Memory Translator Hub (MTH)  2nd 
memory, random access (RAM)
    defined 
    flash memory  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        CompactFlash  2nd 
        comparison of  2nd  3rd  4th 
    Flash memory
        data recovery  2nd  3rd  4th 
    flash memory
        MMC (MultiMediaCard) 
        PC Card  2nd 
        physical size  2nd 
        reading  2nd  3rd 
        SD (SecureDigital)  2nd 
        SmartMedia 
        Sony Memory Stick 
        Sony Memory Stick Pro 
        USB keychain drives  2nd  3rd 
        xD-Picture Card  2nd 
    troubleshooting  2nd  3rd  4th 
memory, read-only.  [See ROM]2nd  [See ROM BIOS]3rd  [See ROM BIOS]4th  [See ROM]
menus
    BIOS Setup  2nd 
        additional setup features  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        Advanced  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        Boot  2nd 
        Boot Configuration  2nd 
        Boot Device Priority  2nd 
        Diskette Configuration  2nd 
        Event Logging  2nd  3rd 
        Exit  2nd 
        Extended Configuration  2nd 
        Fan Control Configuration 
        IDE Configuration  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        main menu  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        Maintenance  2nd  3rd 
        PCI Configuration  2nd 
        Peripheral Configuration  2nd 
        PnP Configuration 
        Power  2nd  3rd  4th 
        Resource Configuration 
        Security  2nd  3rd 
        USB Configuration  2nd 
        Video Configuration  2nd  3rd 
Merced processors.  [See Itanium]2nd  [See Itanium]
Mercury (430LX) chipsets  2nd 
merge bits 
merged MR (magneto-resistive) heads 
messages
    error messages
        ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) 
        BIOS (basic input/output system)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th 
    file system error messages  2nd 
        Boot Error Press F1 to Retry 
        DOS  2nd  3rd 
        Hard Disk Controller Failure  2nd 
        Invalid Drive Specification 
        Invalid Media Type  2nd 
        Missing Operating System  2nd 
        NO ROM BASIC SYSTEM HALTED  2nd 
        Windows 2000/XP  2nd 
        Windows 9x/Me  2nd  3rd 
    parity-check messages  2nd  3rd 
    POST (power on self test)  2nd 
        Award BIOS  2nd  3rd  4th 
        Award BIOS/Phoenix FirstBIOS  2nd  3rd 
metal contact types (memory)  2nd 
metal contacts
    fretting corrosion 
    gold-plated  2nd  3rd  4th 
    tin-plated  2nd  3rd  4th 
metal detectors
    risks to floppy disks  2nd  3rd 
Metal-In-Gap (MIG) read/write heads  2nd 
metal-oxide varistors (MOV) 
metalization (CD-ROMs) 
metallization layers (processors) 
Metcalfe, Robert 
metric fasteners  2nd  3rd 
mezzanine buses.   [See PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface) buses]
MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation) 
MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation) encoding  2nd 
mft ($mft) system file (NTFS) 
MFT (master file table)  2nd 
mftmirr ($mftmirr) system file (NTFS) 
MHz
    processor clock speeds 
MHz (Megahertz 
MHz (megahertz)  2nd  3rd 
MIC (Memory In Cassette) chips 
Micral computers 
Micro 2000
    Micro-Scope 
Micro 2000 diagnostic software 
Micro Firmware Web site 
Micro Firmware, Inc.
    contact information 
micro-AT motherboards 
micro-ATX motherboards  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
   &nbs