Upgrading and Repairing PCs

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Upgrading and Repairing PCs

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L-CHS parameters
L1 cache. [See Level 1 cache]2nd [See Level 1 cache]3rd [See Level 1 cache]
L2 cache. [See Level 2 cache]2nd [See Level 2 cache]
Labtec Enterprises, Inc.
    contact information
LAN setting (BIOS Peripheral Configuration menu)
Lanaguage setting (BIOS main menu)
Lancaster, Don
lands
    CD-ROMs 2nd 3rd 4th
    DVD discs 2nd 3rd
LANs
    NICs (network interface cards)
        installing 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        testing 2nd
    protocols
        TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
    troubleshooting
        TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
LANs (local area networks)
    cables
        buying tips 2nd
        cable distance limitations 2nd 3rd
        choosing 2nd
        Direct Cable Connection technology 2nd
        grounding loops
        installation 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th
        Thicknet 2nd
        Thinnet
        twisted-pair 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd
    client/server networks
        clients
        compared to peer-to-peer networks 2nd 3rd
        servers
    defined
    Ethernet 2nd 3rd 4th
        cables 2nd 3rd
        compared to home networking 2nd
        defined 2nd
        Fast Ethernet 2nd
        Gigabit Ethernet 2nd
        hubs 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th
        network adapter connectors 2nd 3rd 4th
        switches 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
        Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    gateways
    hardware and software requirements 2nd
    hardware worksheet 2nd
    HomePNA
        compared to Ethernet 2nd
        topology 2nd
        version 1.0 2nd
        version 2.0 2nd
        Web site 2nd
    hubs 2nd 3rd
        buying tips 2nd
        compared to switches 2nd 3rd
        dual-speed
        managed/unmanaged
        placement of 2nd
        ports 2nd
        stackable
    infrastructure mode
    network topologies
        bus 2nd
        comparison of 2nd 3rd
        ring 2nd 3rd
        star
    networking software
        configuring 2nd 3rd 4th
        installing 2nd
    NICs (network interface cards)
        bus types 2nd
        connectors 2nd 3rd 4th
        costs
        full-duplex
        half-duplex
        speed 2nd
        Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
    peer-to-peer networks 2nd
        compared to client/server networks 2nd 3rd
        size of
    powerline networking 2nd
        compared to Ethernet 2nd
        Consumer Electronics Association R7.3 specification
        HomePlug 1.0 2nd
        HomePlug AV
    protocols 2nd
        Ethernet 2nd
        IP (Internet Protocol)
        IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) 2nd
        NetBEUI 2nd
        TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) 2nd 3rd
    recording information about 2nd
    switches
        address storing
        buying tips 2nd
        compared to hubs 2nd 3rd
        dual-speed
        placement of 2nd
        ports 2nd
        stackable
    tips and tricks
        installation 2nd
        resource sharing 2nd
        security 2nd
        shared Internet connections 2nd
    Token-Ring 2nd 3rd 4th
    troubleshooting
        shared resources 2nd
        software setup 2nd
    wireless
    wireless networks 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
        Bluetooth 2nd 3rd 4th
        comparison of standards 2nd
        HomeRF
        topologies 2nd
        Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
laplink cables
laptop computers
    Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) 2nd
laptops
    keyboards 2nd 3rd 4th
    Pentium II processors
        Pentium II Mobile Module 2nd
    processors
        386SL 2nd
Larson, Earl R.
laser (CD-ROM drives) 2nd 3rd
Laser Beam Recorder (LBR)
latency
    hard disk drives 2nd
    SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)
layered architecture 2nd
layout
    104-key keyboards 2nd
    Enhanced 101-key keyboards 2nd 3rd
layout (memory)
layout of logical memory 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
    conventional memory 2nd
    UMA (Upper Memory Area) 2nd 3rd
        adapter ROM
        host adapter BIOS 2nd
        IPL ROM
        motherboard BIOS 2nd
        shared memory 2nd
        VGA memory 2nd
        video adapter BIOS 2nd
        video RAM 2nd
    XMS (Extended Memory Specification) 2nd 3rd 4th
LBA (logical block address) addressing
    BIOS commands 2nd
    compared to CHS (cylinder head sector) 2nd 3rd
    converting to CHS (cylinder head sector) 2nd
    LBA-assist translation 2nd 3rd 4th
LBA Mode Control setting (BIOS IDE Configuration menu)
LBA-assist translation 2nd 3rd 4th
LBR (Laser Beam Recorder)
LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors
    active-matrix 2nd 3rd
        IPS (in-plane switching)
        MVA (multidomain vertical alignment)
        TFT (thin film transistor) arrays
    advantages of 2nd
    brightness and contrast
    buying tips 2nd 3rd
    costs
    dead pixels 2nd
    DFP (Digital Flat Panel)
    disadvantages of 2nd 3rd
    flat-panel 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
    interlaced/noninterlaced 2nd
    monochrome
    passive-matrix 2nd
    polarizing filters
    resolution
    subpixels
lead-in area
    CD-ROMs
    DVD discs
lead-out area
    CD-ROMs
lead-out zone
    DVD discs
leased lines
    choosing 2nd
    defined
    PoP (point of presence)
    T-1 connections 2nd 3rd
    T-3 connections 2nd
LED connectors
legacy cards
legacy game support
    sound cards 2nd 3rd 4th
Legacy support (USB) 2nd 3rd
legacy USB (Universal Serial Bus) support
Legacy USB Support setting (BIOS Peripheral Configuration menu)
legacy-free PCs 2nd
Lempel, Abraham
length
    Baby-AT motherboards
letters (drive)
    assigning 2nd 3rd 4th
letters, assigning to drives 2nd
    DOS 2nd 3rd
    Windows 9x/Me 2nd 3rd
    Windows NT/2000/XP 2nd
Level 0 (RAID)
Level 1 (RAID)
Level 1 cache 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
    cache misses
    cache operation 2nd
    compared to Level 2 cache 2nd
    importance of
    NexGen Nx586 processors
    Pentium II processors 2nd
    Pentium Pro processors
    Pentium-MMX improvements
Level 2 (RAID)
Level 2 cache 2nd 3rd
    cache operation 2nd
    compared to Level 1 cache 2nd
    Pentium II processors 2nd
    Pentium II/III Xeon processors
    Pentium III processors
    Pentium Pro processors
        MPS 1.1 (Multiprocessor Specification)
    Pentium processors
    performance and design 2nd 3rd 4th
Level 3 (RAID)
Level 4 (RAID)
Level 5 (RAID)
Level 6 (RAID)
level-sensitive interrupts
Lexar
    Memory Stick Pro
LFNBK.DAT file
LFNBK.EXE utility
LG Electronics
    contact information
licensing
    Apple 2nd
lighting
    monitor issues
LIM (Lotus Intel Microsoft)
line conditioners 2nd
line regulation (power supply)
line-in sound card connectors
line-of-sight issues (wireless input devices)
line-out sound card connectors
linear density (floppy disks)
linear power supply 2nd
Linear Tape-Open (LTO) 2nd
Linear Technology Web site
linear voice-coil actuators 2nd
linking systems
    parallel ports 2nd 3rd 4th
    serial ports 2nd 3rd
liquid crystal display monitors. [See LCD monitors]
Lisa computer
Lisa computers (Apple)
lithium coin cell batteries
little endian format
LLF. [See low-level formatting]2nd [See low-level formatting]
LMS
    contact information
Load Custom Defaults setting (BIOS Exit menu)
Load Optimal Defaults setting (BIOS Exit menu)
load regulation (power supply)
load/unload head mechanism
loading
    CD-ROM drivers 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
loading coils
loading mechanisms (CD/DVD drives) 2nd
    caddies 2nd
    slots 2nd
    trays 2nd
loads (power supply) 2nd 3rd 4th
    apparent power
    inductive
    load regulation
    maximum load current
    minimum load current
    nonlinear
    reactive power
    resistive
    working power
local area networks [See LANs]
local buses 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
local buses. [See buses]
location
    monitors 2nd
locked systems
    troubleshooting 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
lockups
    troubleshooting 2nd 3rd 4th
lockups, troubleshooting
logfile ($logfile) system file (NTFS)
logging
    events
        BIOS (basic input/output system) 2nd
logic boards 2nd 3rd
    floppy disk drives 2nd
logic probes 2nd
logic pulsers
logical block address. [See LBA addressing]
logical formatting. [See high-level formatting]
logical mapping (memory)
logical memory 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
    conventional memory 2nd
    UMA (Upper Memory Area) 2nd 3rd
        adapter ROM
        host adapter BIOS 2nd
        IPL ROM
        motherboard BIOS 2nd
        shared memory 2nd
        VGA memory 2nd
        video adapter BIOS 2nd
        video RAM 2nd
    XMS (Extended Memory Specification) 2nd 3rd 4th
logical ring topology
Logitech
    contact information
    mouse devices
long filename support 2nd 3rd 4th
longitudinal density (floppy disks)
loopback connector 2nd
loopback testing
    serial ports 2nd 3rd
lost clusters
    troubleshooting 2nd 3rd
lost data, recovering. [See recovery]
Lotus Intel Microsoft (LIM)
Low Voltage Differential (LVD) signaling 2nd 3rd
Low Voltage Differential (LVD) terminators 2nd
low volume, troubleshooting 2nd
low-level formatting 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    ATA (AT Attachment) 2nd 3rd
    nondestructive formatters 2nd 3rd
    SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) 2nd
    standard recording
    ZBR (zoned-bit recording) 2nd 3rd 4th
low-pass filters
low-profile cases 2nd
low-temperature polysilicon (p-Si)
LPX motherboards 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    connectors 2nd
    dimensions
    expansion slots
    identifying
    LPX-compatible products
    power supply 2nd 3rd
    power supply connectors 2nd 3rd
    riser cards
    upgrading
LPX power supply 2nd 3rd
LS-120 SuperDisk drives
LS-240 SuperDisk drives 2nd
LTO (Linear Tape-Open) 2nd
lubricants 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
LVD (Low Voltage Differential) signaling 2nd 3rd
LVD (Low Voltage Differential) terminators 2nd

Main Menu

	Main Page
	Table of content
	Copyright
	About the Author
	Acknowledgments
	Introduction
	Chapter 1. Development of the PC
	Chapter 2. PC Components, Features, and System Design
	Chapter 3. Microprocessor Types and Specifications
	Chapter 4. Motherboards and Buses
	Chapter 5. BIOS
	Chapter 6. Memory
	Chapter 7. The ATA/IDE Interface
	Chapter 8. The SCSI Interface
	Chapter 9. Magnetic Storage Principles
	Chapter 10. Hard Disk Storage
	Chapter 11. Floppy Disk Storage
	Chapter 12. High-Capacity Removable Storage
	Chapter 13. Optical Storage
	Chapter 14. Physical Drive Installation and Configuration
	Chapter 15. Video Hardware
	Chapter 16. Audio Hardware
	Chapter 17. I/O Interfaces from Serial and Parallel to IEEE-1394 and USB
	Chapter 18. Input Devices
	Chapter 19. Internet Connectivity
	Chapter 20. Local Area Networking
	Chapter 21. Power Supply and Chassis/Case
	Chapter 22. Building or Upgrading Systems
	Chapter 23. PC Diagnostics, Testing, and Maintenance
	Chapter 24. File Systems and Data Recovery
	Appendix A. Glossary
	Appendix B. Key Vendor Contact Information
	Appendix C. Troubleshooting Index
	List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
	Index
		Index SYMBOL
		Index A
		Index B
		Index C
		Index D
		Index E
		Index F
		Index G
		Index H
		Index I
		Index J
		Index K
		Index L
		Index M
		Index N
		Index O
		Index P
		Index Q
		Index R
		Index S
		Index T
		Index U
		Index V
		Index W
		Index X
		Index Y
		Index Z

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