Upgrading and Repairing PCs Free Open Book

Upgrading and Repairing PCs

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d-limonene 
D. W. Electrochemicals
    Stabilant 22a
        keyswitch cleaning 
D.W. Electrochemicals
    contact information 
DACs (digital-to-analog converters) 
DAE (digital audio extraction)  2nd  3rd  4th 
daisy chains
    ATA (AT Attachment) 
damaged FAT (file allocation table), troubleshooting  2nd 
DASP (drive action/slave present) signals 
DASP (dynamic adaptive speculative preprocessor) 
DAT (Digital Audio Tape)  2nd  3rd 
    capacities  2nd 
    helical scan recording 
    standards  2nd 
DAT/DDS drives.  [See DAT (Digital Audio Tape)]
data areas (FAT) 
data bits 
data books 
data buses
    external  2nd 
    internal  2nd  3rd  4th 
data buses.  [See buses]
data cable connectors
    installation  2nd  3rd 
data compression
    codecs  2nd 
    sound cards  2nd  3rd 
        ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation) 
        MPEG (Motion Pictures Experts Group) 
data connectors
    SATA (Serial ATA)  2nd 
Data Depot diagnostic software 
data encoding
    CD-ROMs discs  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    EFM (eight to fourteen modulation) data encoding  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    EFM+ (eight to sixteen) data encoding  2nd 
data encoding schemes.  [See encoding schemes]
data flow analysis  2nd 
data pipelines
    Pentium processors 
        u-pipes/v-pipes 
data recovery  2nd 
    Active Undelete 
    EasyRecovery DataRecovery 
    EasyRecovery FileRepair 
    EasyRecovery Professional  2nd 
    from Flash memory  2nd  3rd  4th 
    from partitioned/formatted drives  2nd 
        EasyRecovery DataRecovery 
        EasyRecovery FileRepair 
        EasyRecovery Professional  2nd 
        Norton Unformat  2nd 
    in NTFS  2nd 
    Norton Disk Editor  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th 
        examining drives  2nd 
        finding number of clusters  2nd 
        Read-Write mode  2nd 
        recovering erased files  2nd  3rd  4th 
        recovering files from hard disk/Flash memory  2nd  3rd  4th 
    Norton Protected Recycle Bin
        Windows 2000/XP 
        Windows 9x/Me  2nd 
    Norton UnErase
        Windows 2000/XP 
        Windows 9x/Me  2nd 
    Norton Unformat  2nd 
    Ontrack EasyRecovery 
    Restorer 2000 
    VCOM System Suite 
    Windows Recycle Bin  2nd 
DATA sector data  2nd 
data storage.  [See storage]
DATA SYNC VFO LOCK sector data 
data throughput
    tape drives  2nd 
data transfer
    DMA (Direct Memory Access) 
        busmaster DMA 
        multiword  2nd 
        singleword  2nd 
        UDMA (Ultra-DMA) 
    flash memory
        card readers  2nd 
        floppy adapters  2nd 
        Type II PC Card adapters 
    PIO (Programmed I/O) modes  2nd  3rd 
    SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) rates 
data transfer rates
    hard disk drives  2nd  3rd 
        calculating  2nd 
        formatted transfer rates 
        IBM Deskstar 120GXP specifications  2nd 
        interface transfer rates 
        Maxtor DiamondMax D540X-4G120J6 specifications  2nd 
        media transfer rates 
        raw transfer rates 
        Seagate Cheetah 36ES specifications  2nd 
        Seagate Cheetah X15 specifications 
data zone
    DVD discs 
data-compression standards  2nd 
    MNP 5 standard  2nd 
    V.42bis standard  2nd 
    V.44 standard  2nd 
dataflow analysis 
DataMaster design 
Dataphone 
DataRecovery utility 
db (decibels) 
DB-15 cable (Thicknet)  2nd 
DB-25 connectors
    mouse connections 
DB-9 connectors
    mouse connections 
DB15 connectors 
DB9 connectors 
DBB (dynamic bass boost) 
DC voltages
    negative voltages  2nd  3rd 
    positive voltages  2nd  3rd 
DCC (Direct Cable Connection)  2nd  3rd  4th 
DCMA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) 
DDMA (Distributed DMA) 
DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)  2nd  3rd 
DDS (Digital Data Storage)  [See also DAT (Digital Audio Tape)]2nd 
DDWG (Digital Display Working Group)
    DVI (Digital Visual Interface) standard 
De Forest, Lee  2nd 
dead pixels (LCDs)  2nd 
debouncing keystrokes 
decibels (db) 
decimal kilobytes 
decimal-based multiples
    prefixes for  2nd  3rd 
dedicated servo mechanisms  2nd  3rd  4th 
Default Primary Video Adapter setting (BIOS Video Configuration menu) 
defects
    Pentium processors
        FDIV (floating-point divide) bug  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        power management bugs  2nd 
Defense Calculator 
defragmenting
    files  2nd  3rd  4th 
defragmenting hard disk drives  2nd  3rd  4th 
delayed start
    SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)  2nd 
Delayed Transaction setting (BIOS Setup) 
DeletedRecovery method (EasyRecovery Professional)  2nd 
Dell Computer Corp.
    contact information 
Dell computers 
Dell Computers
    ATX power supply connectors  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
Dell proprietary ATX power connectors  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
density
    floppy disks  2nd 
density of tracks 
density, areal (magnetic storage)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    defined 
    increasing  2nd  3rd 
    Õpixie dustÕ technology  2nd 
    superparamagnetic effect 
depot repair 
    power supplies 
depth cueing 
descriptors (MFT) 
design guides  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
designing systems.  [See assembling systems]
Deskstar 120GXP
    transfer rate specifications  2nd 
desktop cases 
Desktop Form Factors Web site  2nd  3rd  4th 
desktop video boards  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th 
desoldering tools  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
detachable probe leads (DMMs) 
detecting processor speed 
detents (stepper motors) 
Deutsche Industrie Norm (DIN) 
device drivers
    defined 
    installation 
    mouse
        troubleshooting 
    mouse drivers  2nd 
    USB (Universal Serial Bus) 
device drivers.  [See BIOS (basic input/output system)]
Device Manager
    mouse conflicts  2nd 
    resource conflicts 
DFP (Digital Flat Panel) 
DFT (Drive Fitness Test) 
DIAG software 
diagnostic software  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    aftermarket software 
    general-purpose diagnostics  2nd 
    manufacturer-supplied software 
    network interface adapters  2nd  3rd 
    operating system diagnostics 
    operating system software 
    peripheral diagnostics software 
    POST (power on self test)  2nd 
        audio error codes  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th 
        checkpoint codes  2nd  3rd 
        diagnostic services  2nd 
        error display  2nd 
        fatal errors 
        memory count  2nd 
        onscreen messages  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th 
    SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) adapters  2nd 
diagnostics
    digital infrared thermometers  2nd 
    DMMs (digital multimeters) 
        audible continuity tests 
        automatic display hold 
        automatic power on/off 
        autoranging 
        back probing  2nd  3rd 
        buying tips  2nd  3rd 
        cost 
        detachable probe leads 
        measuring voltage with  2nd  3rd 
        minimum and maximum trap 
        overload protection 
        pocket size DMMs 
    loopback testing  2nd  3rd 
    MSD (Microsoft Diagnostics)
        serial ports  2nd 
    read-and-write cylinders (FAT)  2nd 
    variable voltage transformers  2nd  3rd 
diagnostics software
    processor-testing software  2nd 
Diagsoft diagnostic software 
dial-up modems.  [See analog modems]
dial-up networking
    TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)  2nd 
Diamond Multimedia
    sound cards 
DiamondMax D540X-4G120J6 drives
    transfer rate specifications  2nd 
DiamondTron picture tubes 
DIB (Dual Independent Bus)
    Celeron processors 
    Pentium II processors  2nd 
    Pentium III processors 
    Pentium Pro processors  2nd 
DIB (dual independent bus) architecture  2nd 
dictation software  2nd  3rd 
die sizes
    Pentium II processors 
    Pentium Pro processors 
    Pentium processors
        first generation 
        second generation 
        second-generation 
dies 
Difference Engine 
differential NRZ (Non-Return to Zero) 
differential signaling
    HVD (High Voltage Differential)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
    LVD (Low Voltage Differential)  2nd  3rd 
digital audio extraction (DAE)  2nd  3rd  4th 
Digital Audio Tape.  [See DAT]
digital cameras
    flash memory  2nd  3rd  4th 
        CompactFlash  2nd 
        comparison of  2nd  3rd  4th 
        MMC (MultiMediaCard) 
        PC Card  2nd 
        physical size  2nd 
        reading  2nd  3rd 
        SD (SecureDigital)  2nd 
        SmartMedia 
        Sony Memory Stick 
        Sony Memory Stick Pro 
        USB keychain drives  2nd  3rd 
        xD-Picture Card  2nd 
    Microdrive technology  2nd 
digital CATV service 
digital controls
    monitors  2nd  3rd 
Digital Data Storage (DDS)  2nd  [See also DAT (Digital Audio Tape)]
digital DIN out connectors 
Digital Display Working Group (DDWG)
    DVI (Digital Visual Interface) standard 
digital film.  [See flash memory]
Digital Flat Panel (DFP) 
digital infrared thermometers  2nd 
Digital Linear Tape (DLT) 
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DCMA) 
Digital Multi-Meters (DMMs)  2nd  3rd 
digital multimeters.  [See DMMs]
Digital Research 
digital signal processors (DSPs) 
digital signals (video adapters)  2nd  3rd 
digital subscriber line.  [See DSL]
digital versatile disc.  [See DVD discs, DVD drives]
Digital Video Express (DIVX)  2nd 
Digital Video Interface.  [See DVI]
digital-to-analog converter (RAMDAC)  2nd 
digital-to-analog converters (DACs) 
DigitalRoom.net Web site 
digitized audio files
    resolutions  2nd  3rd  4th 
DIMMs
    width
        Pentium processors 
DIMMs (dual inline memory modules)  2nd 
    168-pin DIMM pinouts  2nd  3rd  4th 
    184-pin DIMM pinouts  2nd  3rd  4th 
    240-pin DDR2 DIMM pinouts  2nd  3rd 
    buffered 
    buying tips  2nd 
    capacities  2nd 
    gold-plated  2nd  3rd  4th 
    illustration 
    installation  2nd  3rd 
    memory banks  2nd  3rd 
    part numbers  2nd  3rd 
    SPD (serial presence detect) 
    tin-plated  2nd  3rd  4th 
    unbuffered 
DIMMs (dual inline memory modules))
    contact metals 
DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norm) 
DIP (dual inline package) chips 
DirecPC Uncensored! Web site 
Direct Cable Connection (DCC)  2nd 
Direct Cable Connection technology  2nd 
Direct Memory Access channels.   [See DMA channels]
Direct Memory Access.  [See DMA channels]2nd  [See DMA]
direct overwrite 
direct-mapped cache 
directories
    phantom directories 
    root
        file attribute byte 
directories (FAT) 
    contents of  2nd 
    directory entry status byte 
    directory format 
    filename extensions 
    invalid directories 
    root directory
        entry limits 
        FAT32 
        location 
        size 
    subdirectories 
DirectShow 
DirecTV 
DirectX 
    3D audio support  2nd 
    sound cards  2nd 
DirecWAY  2nd  3rd  4th 
    commissioning 
    FAP (Fair Access Policy)  2nd  3rd 
    performance 
    requirements  2nd 
    vendors  2nd 
    Web sites 
disabled users.  [See accessibility]
disabling
    APM (Advanced Power Management) 
    parity-checking 
disassembling keyboards 
disassembling systems  2nd  3rd 
disassembly
    cleaning procedures  2nd 
disaster recovery 
Disc-at-Once recording 
Discard Changes setting (BIOS Exit menu) 
discontinued sound cards  2nd 
discrete multitone (DMT) 
discs
    Blu-ray  2nd  3rd  4th 
    CD EXTRA  2nd 
    CD-i  2nd  3rd 
    CD-R 
        bulk on spindle 
        burning 
        capacity  2nd 
        compared to CD-RW  2nd 
        conventional surface media 
        jewel cases 
        media color  2nd  3rd  4th 
        media layers  2nd 
        overburning 
        pre-grooves 
        printable surface media 
        recording speeds  2nd  3rd 
        spin-coating process 
        unbranded media 
    CD-R discs
        burning  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th  18th  19th  20th  21st  22nd 
        copy protection  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    CD-ROM
        bootable CDs  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        care and maintenance  2nd  3rd  4th 
        rescue CDs  2nd 
    CD-ROMs  2nd 
        capacity  2nd  3rd  4th 
        care and handling 
        CD EXTRA  2nd 
        CD-DA  2nd 
        CD-i  2nd  3rd 
        CD-R 
        CD-ROM XA  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th 
        CD-RW 
        copy protection 
        double-density discs  2nd  3rd 
        EFM data encoding  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        error handing  2nd  3rd  4th 
        file systems  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th 
        form factor 
        history of  2nd  3rd 
        hub clamping area 
        interleaves  2nd 
        lands  2nd  3rd  4th 
        lead-in 
        lead-out 
        mass production  2nd  3rd 
        multisession recording  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th 
        PCA (power calibration area) 
        Photo CD  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        Picture CD  2nd 
        pits  2nd  3rd  4th 
        PMA (power memory area) 
        program area 
        reading  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        sampling rates  2nd 
        sectors  2nd 
        subcode bytes  2nd  3rd  4th 
        summary of formats  2nd  3rd 
        Super Video CDs 
        technical parameters  2nd  3rd 
        tracks  2nd  3rd 
        video CDs  2nd 
        Yellow Book standard  2nd 
    CD-RW  2nd 
        burning  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th  18th  19th  20th  21st  22nd 
        compared to CD-R  2nd 
        copy protection  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        direct overwrite 
        media layers  2nd 
        Mount Rainier standard  2nd 
        MultiRead specification  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        recording speeds  2nd 
    CDs
        Windows 2000/XP bootable CD 
    DVD
        capacity  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        care and maintenance  2nd  3rd  4th 
        copy protection  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th 
        data zone 
        DVD-10 
        DVD-18 
        DVD-5 
        DVD-9 
        EFM+ data encoding  2nd 
        error handling  2nd  3rd  4th 
        history of  2nd  3rd 
        hub clamping area 
        lands  2nd  3rd 
        lead-in 
        lead-out zone 
        MultiRead2 specification  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        OTP (opposite track path) construction  2nd 
        pits  2nd  3rd 
        PTP (parallel track path) construction  2nd 
        reading 
        sectors  2nd  3rd 
        technical parameters  2nd  3rd 
        tracks  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    Photo CD  2nd 
        Master discs 
        multiple sessions  2nd 
        Portfolio discs 
        resolutions  2nd 
    Picture CD  2nd 
    Super Video CDs 
    video CDs  2nd 
DISK BOOT FAILURE error message 
Disk Change signal  2nd  3rd  4th 
Disk Defragmenter  2nd  3rd 
Disk Doctor 
disk drives  [See drives]
disk drives.  [See drives]
Disk Editor 
Disk Editor utility  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th 
    examining drives  2nd 
    finding number of clusters  2nd 
    Read-Write mode  2nd 
    recovering erased files  2nd  3rd  4th 
    recovering files from hard disk/Flash memory  2nd  3rd  4th 
Disk Management  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
Disk Manager (Ontrack)  2nd 
disk sweep  2nd 
Diskette A setting (BIOS Diskette Configuration menu) 
Diskette Configuration menu (BIOS Setup)  2nd 
Diskette Controller setting (BIOS Diskette Configuration menu) 
Diskette Write Protect setting (BIOS Diskette Configuration menu) 
DISKPART utility  2nd 
disks
    floppy
        capacity  2nd 
        care and handling  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th 
        formatting  2nd 
        media specifications  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
        physical construction  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        sectors 
        tracks 
        write protection 
    floppy disks
        Windows 98 Startup floppy 
DISPART utility  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
displacement mapping  2nd 
Display Control Panel (Windows) 
Display Power-Management Signaling (DPMS) 
Display switch is set incorrectly (error message) 
displaying
    BIOS ID strings 
DisplayMate 
displays.  [See monitors]
disposable PCs 
Distributed DMA (DDMA) 
distributed parity, blocked data with 
divide errors 
DIVX (Digital Video Express)  2nd 
DLSReports.com Web site 
DLT (Digital Linear Tape) 
DMA (Direct Memory Access) 
    CD/DVD utilization  2nd  3rd 
    multiword  2nd 
    singleword  2nd 
    UDMA (Ultra-DMA) 
    UDMA (Ultra-DMA) transfer modes
        Mode 2 
        Mode 4 
        Mode 5 
        Mode 6 
        UDMA/66 
DMA (Direct Memory Access) channels  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    sound card conflicts 
DMA emulation  2nd 
DMMs (Digital Multi-Meters)  2nd  3rd  4th 
DMMs (digital multimeters) 
    audible continuity tests 
    automatic display hold 
    automatic power on/off 
    autoranging 
    back probing  2nd  3rd 
    buying tips  2nd  3rd 
    cost 
    detachable probe leads 
    measuring voltage with  2nd  3rd 
    minimum and maximum trap 
    overload protection 
    pocket size DMMs 
DMT (discrete multitone)  2nd 
DOCSIS standards (modems)  2nd 
DOCSIS-compliant cable modems 
documentation
    chipsets  2nd 
    Global Engineering Documents 
    motherboards  2nd 
    PC design guides  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
    physical configuration  2nd  3rd 
Dolby Digital surround sound 
domain valiation 
doping 
DOS
    boot process  2nd  [See also operating-system-independent boot process]3rd  4th  5th 
    drive formatting  2nd 
    drive limitations 
DOS extenders 
DOS operating system
    DOS extenders 
    file system troubleshooting  2nd  3rd 
    SCSI adapter drivers 
DOS operating systems
    disk drive interfacing  2nd 
        disk controller I/O port commands  2nd 
        Interrupt 13h  2nd 
        Interrupt 21h 
        Interrupt 25h  2nd 
        Interrupt 26h  2nd 
    DPMI (DOS protected mode interface) 
    drive letter assignments  2nd  3rd  4th 
    drive migration  2nd 
    FAT (file allocation table).  [See FAT]2nd  [See FAT]
    hard disk capacity limitations 
    XCOPY  2nd 
DOS protected mode interface (DPMI) 
dot pitch
    CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th 
double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
double data rate SDRAM.  [See DDR SDRAM]
double distributed parity, blocked data with 
double transition (DT) clocking 
double-density CD media  2nd  3rd 
Double-Density recording  2nd 
double-sided memory modules 
doubleword DMA (Direct Memory Access)  2nd 
doubling
    processor speed
        DX2/OverDrive processors  2nd  3rd  4th 
        DX4 processors  2nd 
DPMI (DOS protected mode interface) 
DPMS (Display Power-Management Signaling) 
Dragon NaturallySpeaking 
DRAM (dynamic RAM) 
    compared to SRAM  2nd 
    DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)  2nd  3rd 
    DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)  2nd 
    FPO DRAM (Fast Page Mode DRAM)  2nd  3rd 
    RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        even cycles 
        module types and bandwith  2nd 
        odd cycles 
        patents 
        power savings 
    refresh rates 
    SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)  2nd  3rd 
    soft errors 
    transistor/capacitor pairs  2nd 
drive action/slave present (DASP) signals 
drive bays
    sizes  2nd  3rd 
Drive Fitness Test (DFT) 
drive jumpers
    configuring 
drive letters
    assigning  2nd  3rd  4th 
drive letters, assigning  2nd 
    DOS  2nd  3rd  4th 
    Windows 9x/Me  2nd  3rd  4th 
    Windows NT/2000/XP  2nd 
drive migration
    MS-DOS  2nd 
    Windows 9x/Me  2nd  3rd 
drive sealing (CD/DVD drives)  2nd 
drivers  [See also BIOS (basic input/output system)]
    CD-ROM drivers
        CDROM.SYS  2nd 
        loading  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        MSCDEX.EXE 
    CD/DVD 
        DOS SCSI adapter drivers 
    installation 
    mouse
        troubleshooting 
    mouse drivers  2nd 
    sound card drivers  2nd  3rd 
    USB (Universal Serial Bus) 
    video drivers  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        graphics acceleration settings  2nd  3rd 
    VxDs  2nd 
drives
    CD drives
        defined 
        troubleshooting  2nd 
    CD-DA drives  2nd 
    CD-R 
        multisession recording  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th 
    CD-R drives  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        burning CDs  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  7th  8th  9th  10th  11th  12th  13th  14th  15th  16th  17th  18th  19th  20th  21st  22nd 
        capacity  2nd 
        copy protection  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        disc grooves 
        disc media layers 
        mechanical drive operation 
        media color  2nd  3rd  4th 
        media options  2nd 
        recording speeds  2nd  3rd 
        troubleshooting  2nd  3rd  4th 
    CD-ROM drives  2nd 
        access times  2nd  3rd 
        bootable CDs  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        booting from floppy disk  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 
        buffers/cache  2nd 
        buying tips  2nd 
        care and maintenance  2nd  3rd  4th 
        CAV (constant angular velocity) technology  2nd 
        CD EXTRA  2nd 
        CD-DA  2nd 
        CD-i  2nd  3rd 
        CD-R 
        CD-ROM XA  2nd  3rd