Upgrading and Repairing PCs

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Upgrading and Repairing PCs

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c (/c) switch (XCOPY32 command)
C-Media Electronics
    CMI 8738 sound cards
C3 E-series processors 2nd
C3 processors (VIA) 2nd
CA0102 (Audigy 2) audio chip
Cable Detected setting (BIOS IDE Configuration menu)
cable modems
    Absolute BeginnerÕs Guide to Cable Internet Connections
    asymmetrical networks
    bandwidth 2nd 3rd 4th
    bundled cable modems
    CableLabs Certified cable modems
    CATV networks 2nd 3rd
    connecting to Internet with
    costs
    DOCSIS standards 2nd
    DOCSIS-compliant cable modems
    external 2nd
    internal
    performance 2nd 3rd
    security 2nd
cable select (CS)
    ATA (AT Attachment) 2nd
cable select (CSEL) signals
CableLabs Certified cable modems
cables
    ATA (AT Attachment) 2nd 3rd 4th
    buying tips 2nd 3rd 4th
    cable distance limitations 2nd 3rd
    cable-ties
    choosing 2nd
    DCC (Direct Cable Connection) 2nd
    Direct Cable Connection technology 2nd
    drive installation 2nd 3rd
    external cables
        connecting 2nd
    floppy disk controller cables 2nd 3rd 4th
        floppy controller pinouts 2nd
        Shugart floppy drive interface 2nd 3rd 4th
    floppy disk drives
    grounding loops
    hard disk drives
        ground connectors
        interface connectors
        power connectors
    IEEE-1394
    installation 2nd
        cable distance limitations 2nd 3rd
        cable selection 2nd
        crossover cables
        custom-built UTP (unshielded twisted-pair) cables 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        twisted-pair wiring standards 2nd
    loopback testing 2nd
    motherboard cables
    mouse cables
    null modem cables 2nd
    optical drives 2nd 3rd
    SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        A-cable external shielded connectors 2nd
        A-cable internal unshielded connectors 2nd
        IBM PS/2 SCSI external connectors
        P-cable shielded connectors 2nd
        recommendations
    SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) requirements 2nd 3rd
    testing
        DMMs (Digital Multi-Meters)
    Thicknet 2nd
    Thinnet
    twisted-pair 2nd
        building 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
        Category 3
        Category 5 2nd 3rd
        Category 5e
        Category 6
        Category 7
        crossover cables
        STP (shielded twisted pair) 2nd
        UTP (unshielded twisted pair)
        UTP (unshielded twisted-pair) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        wiring standards 2nd
    USB (Universal Serial Bus) 2nd
    Y splitter cables
Cables to Go
    contact information
cache 2nd 3rd
    486DX processors
    access times
    Am5x86(TM)-P75 processor
        jumpers
    asynchronous design
    bus snooping
    cache controllers
    cache tag
    CD/DVD drives 2nd
    compared to DRAM 2nd
    controllers 2nd
    Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX processors
    defined 2nd
    direct-mapped cache
    four-way set associative
        Pentium Pro processors
    four-way set associative cache
    fully associative mapped cache
    hard disk drive cache controllers 2nd
    hard disk drive cache programs 2nd
    hit ratio
    internal
        Pentium processors 2nd
    Level 1 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
        cache misses
        cache operation 2nd
        importance of
        NexGen Nx586 processors
        Pentium II processors 2nd
        Pentium Pro processors
        Pentium-MMX improvements
    Level 1 cache 2nd
        compared to Level 2 cache 2nd
    Level 2 2nd
        cache operation 2nd
        Pentium II processors 2nd
        Pentium II/III Xeon processors
        Pentium III processors
        Pentium Pro processors 2nd
        Pentium processors
        performance and design 2nd 3rd 4th
    Level 2 cache
        compared to Level 1 cache 2nd
    maximum cache
    nonblocking cache
    Pentium II processors 2nd
    Pentium Pro processors
    pipeline burst mode
    set associative cache
    speed 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    synchronous design
    TLB (translation lookaside buffer)
    two-way set associative
        Pentium Pro processors
    write-back
        Am5x86(TM)-P75 processor
        Pentium-MMX processors
    write-back cache
    write-through cache
cache controllers
cache memory
cache misses
Cache RAM setting (BIOS main menu)
caddy load mechanism (CD/DVD drives) 2nd
calbes
    keyboard cables
        troubleshooting 2nd
calculating
    data transfer rates 2nd
    power consumption 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
        example
        floppy disk drives
        hard disk drives 2nd 3rd
        motherboards 2nd
    video RAM (random access memory) 2nd 3rd 4th
calculators
    mechanical calculators 2nd
Calibrate
call-waiting support
    analog modems
CAM (Common Access Method)
CAM ATA (Common Access Method ATA)
cameras, digital
    flash memory 2nd 3rd 4th
        CompactFlash 2nd
        comparison of 2nd 3rd 4th
        MMC (MultiMediaCard)
        PC Card 2nd
        physical size 2nd
        reading 2nd 3rd
        SD (SecureDigital) 2nd
        SmartMedia
        Sony Memory Stick
        Sony Memory Stick Pro
        USB keychain drives 2nd 3rd
        xD-Picture Card 2nd
    Microdrive technology 2nd
Canadian Standards Agency (CSA)
    power supply safety certifications
Canon USA, Inc.
    contact information
Canyon3D-2 sound cards
CAP (carrierless amplitude/phase) 2nd
capacities
    CD-ROMs discs 2nd 3rd
    DVD discs 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    magnetic storage 2nd 3rd
capacitive keyswitches 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
capacitors
    DRAM (dynamic RAM) 2nd
capacity
    CD-R discs 2nd
    CD-ROM discs
    drive capacity limitations 2nd 3rd
    floppy disks 2nd
    hard disk drives 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
        BIOS limitations 2nd 3rd
        capacity limitations
        comparison of 2nd
        operating system limitations 2nd
    maximum installable memory 2nd 3rd
    tape drives 2nd
    UPS (uninterruptible power supply)
card edge connectors 2nd 3rd
card readers 2nd
card/edge connectors
cards
    high-speed serial port cards 2nd
    legacy cards
    NICs (network interface cards)
        resource conflicts
    sound cards
        resource conflicts 2nd 3rd 4th
    video cards
        defined
care and handling
    floppy disks 2nd
        magnetic fields
        metal detectors 2nd 3rd
        temperatures
        x-ray machines 2nd 3rd
care and maintenace [See also troubleshooting]
    cleaning materials
    trackballs 2nd
care and maintenance [See also troubleshooting]
    CD-ROM discs
    CD/DVD discs 2nd 3rd 4th
    CD/DVD drives 2nd 3rd 4th
        drive sealing 2nd
        internal versus external 2nd
        self-cleaning lenses
    cleaning. [See cleaning]
    keyboards
        cleaning 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
        defective cables 2nd
        keyboard disassembly
        stuck keyswitches 2nd
    keyswitches
        Stabilant 22a
    metal memory contacts
    monitors 2nd 3rd
    mouse 2nd 3rd
    power-protection systems 2nd 3rd 4th
        backup power 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        built-in power protection 2nd 3rd
        line conditioners 2nd
        phone line surge protectors 2nd
        surge protectors 2nd 3rd
    preventative maintenance
        active/passive 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        cleaning 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st 32nd
        dust 2nd
        hard disk drives 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
        heating and cooling 2nd 3rd
        Maintenance Wizard
        operating environment 2nd
        pollutants 2nd
        power cycling 2nd 3rd 4th
        power-line noise 2nd 3rd 4th
        reseating socketed chips
        RFI (radio-frequency interference) 2nd 3rd
        static electricity 2nd 3rd
        system backups 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    safety 2nd 3rd
    tools 2nd 3rd 4th
        analog meters
        breakout boxes
        chip extractors 2nd
        chip inserters
        cleaning materials
        DMMs (Digital Multi-Meters) 2nd 3rd
        electric screwdrivers 2nd 3rd
        electrical testing equipment
        English/metric fasteners 2nd 3rd
        ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection kits 2nd 3rd
        files
        flashlights
        hemostats
        infrared thermometers 2nd 3rd
        lithium coin cell batteries
        logic probes 2nd
        logic pulsers
        loopback connector 2nd
        markers/pens
        memory testers 2nd
        needle-nose pliers
        nut drivers
        nylon cable-ties
        outlet testers 2nd 3rd 4th
        parts grabbers 2nd 3rd
        Phillips-head screws
        screwdrivers 2nd
        slotted-head screws
        soldering/desoldering tools 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        temperature probes 2nd
        thumb screws
        Torx drivers
        Torx screws 2nd 3rd 4th
        tweezers
        vises/clamps
        Windows 98 2000/XP bootable CD
        Windows 98 Startup floppy
        wire cutters
        wire strippers
carpel tunnel syndrome
    ergonomic keyboards 2nd
carrierless amplitude/phase (CAPs) 2nd
CAS-2 (column address strobe) timing
cases
    ATX-style
    buying tips 2nd 3rd
    cover assembly 2nd
    custom cases 2nd
    defined
    desktop
    form factors 2nd
    low-profile 2nd
    micro-tower
    mini-tower
    mounting motherboards in 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    no-tool
    tower
Castlewood Orb drives
Category 3 cables
Category 5 cables 2nd 3rd
Category 5e cables
Category 6 cables
Category 7 cables
cathode ray tube monitors. [See CRT monitors]
CATV networks 2nd 3rd
CAV (constant angular velocity) technology
    CD-ROMs 2nd
    DVDs
CCITT (Comite Consultatif International Telephonique et Telegraphique)
CCS (Common Command Set)
CD audio connectors
CD drives
    defined
    troubleshooting 2nd
CD EXTRA discs 2nd
CD SPDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface) in/out sound card connectors
CD-DA drives 2nd
CD-i players 2nd 3rd
CD-R discs
    bulk on spindle
    burning
        buffer underruns 2nd 3rd
        DAE (digital audio extraction) 2nd 3rd 4th
        ÕFor Music Use OnlyÕ discs 2nd
        reliability 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        software 2nd 3rd
        tips and recommendations 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    capacity 2nd
    compared to CD-RW 2nd
    conventional surface media
    copy protection 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        SafeAudio
        SafeDisc 2nd
    jewel cases
    media color 2nd 3rd 4th
    media layers 2nd
    overburning
    pre-grooves
    printable surface media
    recording speeds 2nd 3rd
    spin-coating process
    unbranded media
CD-R drives 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
    burning CDs
        buffer underruns 2nd 3rd
        DAE (digital audio extraction) 2nd 3rd 4th
        ÕFor Music Use OnlyÕ discs 2nd
        reliability 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        software 2nd 3rd
        tips and recommendations 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    capacity 2nd
    copy protection 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        SafeAudio
        SafeDisc 2nd
    disc grooves
    disc media layers
    mechanical drive operation
    media color 2nd 3rd 4th
    media options 2nd
    multisession recording
        Disc-at-Once
        packet writing 2nd 3rd
        sessions
        Track-at-Once 2nd
    recording speeds 2nd 3rd
    troubleshooting
        read/write errors
CD-ROM
    booting from
CD-ROM discs 2nd
    bootable CDs 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    capacity 2nd 3rd 4th
    care and handling
    care and maintenance 2nd 3rd 4th
    CD EXTRA 2nd
    CD-DA 2nd
    CD-i 2nd 3rd
    CD-R
    CD-ROM XA
        interleaving 2nd
        sector modes and forms 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    CD-RW
    copy protection
    double-density discs 2nd 3rd
    EFM data encoding 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    error handing 2nd 3rd 4th
        BLER (block error rate)
        CIRC (cross-interleave Reed-Solomon code)
    file systems 2nd
        HFS (Hierarchical File System)
        High Sierra 2nd 3rd
        ISO 9660 2nd 3rd 4th
        Joliet 2nd
        Rock Ridge 2nd
        UDF (Universal Disk Format) 2nd
    form factor
    history of 2nd 3rd
    hub clamping area
    interleaves 2nd
    lands 2nd 3rd 4th
    lead-in
    lead-out
    mass production 2nd 3rd
    multisession recording
        Disc-at-Once
        packet writing 2nd 3rd
        sessions
        Track-at-Once 2nd
    PCA (power calibration area)
    Photo CD 2nd
        Master discs
        multiple sessions 2nd
        Portfolio discs
        resolutions 2nd
    Picture CD 2nd
    pits 2nd 3rd 4th
    PMA (power memory area)
    program area
    reading
        mechanical drive operation 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
    rescue CDs 2nd
    sampling rates 2nd
    sectors 2nd
    subcode bytes 2nd 3rd 4th
    summary of formats 2nd 3rd
    Super Video CDs
    technical parameters 2nd 3rd
    tracks 2nd 3rd
    video CDs 2nd
    Yellow Book standard 2nd
CD-ROM drivers
    CDROM.SYS 2nd
    loading 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    MSCDEX.EXE
CD-ROM drives 2nd
    . [See also CD-R drives, CD-RW drives]
    access times 2nd 3rd
    bootable CDs 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    booting from floppy disk 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    buffers/cache 2nd
    buying tips 2nd
    care and maintenance 2nd 3rd 4th
    CAV (constant angular velocity) technology 2nd
    CD EXTRA 2nd
    CD-DA 2nd
    CD-i 2nd 3rd
    CD-R
    CD-ROM XA
        interleaving 2nd
        sector modes and forms 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    CD-RW
    CLV (constant linear velocity) technology 2nd 3rd
    configuration
        jumper settings 2nd 3rd
    CPU utilization 2nd
    data transfer rates 2nd
    DMA (Direct Memory Access) 2nd 3rd
    double-density drives 2nd 3rd
    drive sealing 2nd
    drivers
        CDROM.SYS 2nd
        DOS SCSI adapter drivers
        loading 2nd 3rd 4th
        MSCDEX.EXE
    external drives
        installation 2nd 3rd
    file systems 2nd
        HFS (Hierarchical File System)
        High Sierra 2nd 3rd
        ISO 9660 2nd 3rd 4th
        Joliet 2nd
        Rock Ridge 2nd
        UDF (Universal Disk Format) 2nd
    firmware updates 2nd
        determining current version 2nd
        firmware installation 2nd
        troubleshooting 2nd
        when to update 2nd
    history of 2nd 3rd
    installation 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
        card edge connectors 2nd 3rd
        cautions
        controllers
        external drives 2nd 3rd
        internal drives 2nd
        jumper settings 2nd 3rd
        ribbon cables 2nd 3rd
        SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) chains 2nd 3rd 4th
    interfaces 2nd
        ATA/ATAPI 2nd
        FireWire 2nd
        parallel ports 2nd 3rd
        SCSI/ASPI 2nd 3rd
        USB (Universal Serial Bus) 2nd
    internal CD-audio connectors 2nd
    internal drives
        installation 2nd
    internal versus external 2nd
    laser operation 2nd 3rd
    loading mechanisms 2nd
        caddies 2nd
        slots 2nd
        trays 2nd
    mechanical drive operation
    multisession recording
        Disc-at-Once
        packet writing 2nd 3rd
        sessions
        Track-at-Once 2nd
    Photo CD 2nd
        Master discs
        multiple sessions 2nd
        Portfolio discs
        resolutions 2nd
    Picture CD 2nd
    rescue CDs 2nd
    self-cleaning lenses
    speed 2nd 3rd 4th
    summary of formats 2nd 3rd
    Super Video CDs
    troubleshooting
        disc read failures 2nd 3rd 4th
        disc write failures 2nd
        read/write errors
        slow drive speeds 2nd
    TrueX drives
    vibration control
    video CDs 2nd
    Yellow Book standard 2nd
CD-ROM XA drives
    interleaving 2nd
    sector modes and forms 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
CD-RW discs 2nd
    burning
        buffer underruns 2nd 3rd
        DAE (digital audio extraction) 2nd 3rd 4th
        ÕFor Music Use OnlyÕ discs 2nd
        reliability 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        software 2nd 3rd
        tips and recommendations 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    compared to CD-R 2nd
    copy protection 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        SafeAudio
        SafeDisc 2nd
    direct overwrite
    media layers 2nd
    Mount Rainier standard 2nd
    MultiRead specification 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    recording speeds 2nd
CD-RW drives 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
    buffer underrun protection
    burning CDs
        buffer underruns 2nd 3rd
        DAE (digital audio extraction) 2nd 3rd 4th
        ÕFor Music Use OnlyÕ discs 2nd
        reliability 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        software 2nd 3rd
        tips and recommendations 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    buying tips
    copy protection 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        SafeAudio
        SafeDisc 2nd
    direct overwrite
    mechanical drive operation 2nd 3rd
    media layers 2nd
    Mount Rainier standard 2nd
    MultiRead specification 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    multisession recording
        Disc-at-Once
        packet wriring 2nd 3rd
        sessions
        Track-at-Once 2nd
    recording speeds 2nd
    troubleshooting
        read/write errors 2nd 3rd 4th
CDROM.SYS driver 2nd
CDs
    Windows 2000/XP bootable CD
CDSL (asymmetric DSL)
CDSL (consumer DSL)
Celeron 4 processors
    chipsets
        Aladdin P4 2nd
        Apollo P4X266 family
        Apollo P4X400
        Apollo P4X400A
        ATI chipsets 2nd 3rd 4th
        hub architecture 2nd
        ICH5
        ICH5R
        Intel 845 family 2nd 3rd
        Intel 850 family 2nd 3rd
        Intel 865 family 2nd
        Intel 875P 2nd
        Intel Extreme Graphics Architecture 2nd
        M1581/M1563 2nd
        ProSavage P4M266 2nd
        quick reference of ALi chipsets 2nd
        quick reference of Celeron 4 chipsets 2nd 3rd 4th
        quick reference of SiS chipsets 2nd
        quick reference of VIA chipsets 2nd 3rd 4th
        SiS 645/645DX
        SiS 648/655DX
        SiS 650/651 2nd
        SiS R658 2nd
        vendors 2nd
Celeron CPUs
    bus widths 2nd 3rd
Celeron processors 2nd
    benefits 2nd
    DIB 2nd
    DIB (Dual Independent Bus)
    dynamic execution
    FC-PGA (flip chip pin grid array) package
    iCOMP 2.0 index ratings 2nd
    instruction execution
    manufacturing
    PPGA (plastic pin grid array) package 2nd
    running 32-bit software 2nd
    SEP (single edge processor) package
cells
    bit cells (transition cells) 2nd
Centon Electronics, Inc.
    contact information
central hardware test (boot process)
central processing units (CPUs). [See processors]
central processing units. [See CPUs]
central switch (CS)
Centronics connectors (SCSI) 2nd
certifications
    power supply safety certifications 2nd
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) 2nd
chains (FAT)
chains (SCSI) 2nd 3rd 4th
channels
    secondary ATA (AT Attachment) channels
chassis
    defined