Upgrading and Repairing PCs

SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z]

B cables (SCSI)
Babbage, Charles 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Baby-AT motherboards 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    compatibility
    connectors 2nd
    identifying
    length of
    power supply 2nd
    processors
Baby-AT power supply 2nd
backing up
    CMOS RAM settings 2nd
backplane systems 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    active 2nd
    passive 2nd
backup power supply
    standby power supply 2nd
    UPS (uninterruptible power supply) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        alarms
        capacity
        true UPS 2nd
backup software 2nd 3rd
backups 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    backup software 2nd 3rd
    importance of 2nd 3rd
    tape drives 2nd
        ADR (Advanced Digital Recording) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
        advantages of 2nd
        AIT (Advanced Intelligent Tape) 2nd 3rd
        alternatives to 2nd
        backup software 2nd 3rd
        capacity 2nd
        choosing 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
        comparison of 2nd
        costs 2nd
        DAT (Digital Audio Tape) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
        data throughput 2nd
        disadvantages of 2nd
        disaster recovery
        DLT (Digital Linear Tape)
        installation 2nd
        LTO (Linear Tape-Open) 2nd
        QIC 2nd 3rd
        QIC-Wide 2nd 3rd
        SLR drives
        software compatibility 2nd
        summary of standards 2nd
        tape compatibility
        tape retensioning
        Travan 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
        troubleshooting 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        VXA drives 2nd
    troubleshooting 2nd
backward compatibility
    ATA (AT Attachment)
    DVD drives
    FAT32
    Itanium processors
    NTFS (New Technology File System)
    SATA (Serial ATA)
    SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
bad blocks
    troubleshooting
badclus ($badclus) system file (NTFS)
balanced signaling
    HVD (High Voltage Differential) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
    LVD (Low Voltage Differential) 2nd 3rd
ball bearings
ball-driven mouse devices 2nd
bandwidth
    AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) buses 2nd
    buses 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
    CATV networks 2nd 3rd 4th
    DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) 2nd
    DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) 2nd
    DRAM (dynamic RAM)
    EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) buses
    ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) buses
    PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface) buses
    RDRAM (Rambus DRAM) 2nd
    SDRAM (synchronous DRAM) 2nd
banks (memory) 2nd 3rd 4th
    defined
    widths 2nd
Bardeen, John 2nd
base (semiconductors)
Base I/O Address setting (BIOS Peripheral Configuration menu)
base memory 2nd 3rd
basic input/output system. [See BIOS]2nd [See BIOS]
basic rate interface (BRI)
batteries
    lithium coin cell batteries
    replacing 2nd
    RTC/NVRAM 2nd 3rd 4th
    wireless input devices
battery connectors
baud rates 2nd
bay-mounted cooling fans
BBSs (bulletin board systems)
BBUL (bumpless build-up layer)
bearings
    ball bearings
    fluid dynamic bearings 2nd
BEDO RAM (burst extended data out RAM)
beep error codes (POST) 2nd
    AMI BIOS 2nd
    Award BIOS/Phoenix FirstBIOS 2nd
    IBM BIOS 2nd
    Phoenix BIOS
        Phoenix BIOS 5.x and earlier 2nd
        Phoenix BIOS 6.x and later 2nd
Beierwaltes, William T.
Belden Wire and Cable
    contact information
bench testing
    power supplies
        digital infrared thermometers 2nd
        variable voltage transformers 2nd 3rd
benchmarks
    processor speed
        iCOMP 2.0 index ratings 2nd
        iCOMP 3.0 index ratings
        Pentium 4 SYSmark 2002 ratings 2nd 3rd
    upgrading processors 2nd 3rd
Berners-Lee, Tim
Bernoulli drives
Berry, Clifford
bezels 2nd 3rd 4th
    drive installation
BF (bus frequency) pins
BF pins
    Pentium processors
        second-generation 2nd
BiCMOS (bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor)
    Pentium processors
bidirectional parallel ports 2nd
big endian format
bilinear filtering
binary digits (bits)
binary kilobytes
binary multiples
    IEC prefixes
    prefixes for 2nd 3rd
BIOS 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
    (basic input/output system) 2nd
    adapter cards 2nd
    AMD-K6 processors
    AMI 2nd
    BIOS Companion, The
    BIOS ID strings
        AMI Hi-Flex BIOS
        AMI Hi-Flex BIOS String 2 2nd
        AMI Hi-Flex BIOS String 3
        older AMI BIOS versions
        viewing
    boot ROM
    bootstrap loader
    burning
    buying tips 2nd
    CMOS RAM settings
        accessing 2nd
        additional setup features 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        Advanced menu 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
        backing up 2nd
        Boot Configuration menu 2nd
        Boot Device Priority menu 2nd
        Boot menu 2nd
        Diskette Configuration menu 2nd
        Event Logging menu 2nd 3rd
        Exit menu 2nd
        Extended Configuration menu 2nd
        Fan Control Configuration menu
        IDE Configuration menu 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
        main menu 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        Maintenance menu 2nd 3rd
        PCI Configuration menu 2nd
        Peripheral Configuration menu 2nd
        PnP Configuration menu
        Power menu 2nd 3rd 4th
        Resource Configuration menu
        saving 2nd
        Security menu 2nd 3rd
        summary of menus 2nd
        USB Configuration menu 2nd
        Video Configuration menu 2nd 3rd
    compared to CMOS RAM 2nd
    compared to RAM (random access memory)
    defined
    drive capacity limitations 2nd
    drivers
    EEPROM (electronically erasable programmable ROM) 2nd 3rd
        flash ROM recovery 2nd 3rd
        upgrading 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
    EPROM (erasable programmable ROM) 2nd 3rd
    error messages 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
        DISK BOOT FAILURE
        Invalid partition table
        Missing operating system
        No boot device available
        No boot sector on fixed disk
        NO ROM BASIC

SYSTEM HALTED
        Non-System disk or disk error
    firmware
    flash ROM 2nd 3rd
        upgrading 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
        write protection
    hard disk capacity limitations 2nd 3rd
    host adapter BIOS 2nd
    ID strings
        AMI 2nd 3rd 4th
    IML (Initial Microcode Load) 2nd
    Interrupt 13h routines 2nd
    IPL (initial program load) ROM
    IPL (Initial Program Load) ROM
    logical memory layout
    manufacturers 2nd 3rd 4th
        AMI (American Megatrends, Inc.) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        Award Software 2nd
        MR (Microid Research)
        OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) 2nd
        Phoenix 2nd 3rd
    Mask ROM 2nd
    memory conflicts 2nd 3rd
    motherboard BIOS 2nd
    motherboards 2nd 3rd 4th
    non-PC ROM upgrades 2nd
    passwords
        bypassing
    PnP (Plug and Play) 2nd 3rd 4th
        ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) 2nd 3rd
        device IDs 2nd
        initializing 2nd
    POST (power on self test
    PROM (programmable ROM) 2nd 3rd 4th
        burning
        cost
        custom programming 2nd
        gang programmers 2nd
        OTP (one-time programmable) chips
        part numbers
    replacing 2nd 3rd
    ROM chip part numbers 2nd
    ROM hardware 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    ROM shadowing 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    RTC/NVRAM (real-time clock/nonvolatile memory) chips
    SATA (Serial ATA) setup
    Setup program
        accessing 2nd
        additional setup features 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        Advanced menu 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
        ATA RAID Controller feature
        Boot Configuration menu 2nd
        Boot Device Priority menu 2nd
        Boot menu 2nd
        Boot Up Floppy Seek feature
        Boot Up System Speed feature
        CPU Clock Multiplier feature
        CPU Frequency feature
        CPU Hyper-threading feature
        CPU Internal Cache/External Cache feature
        CPU Vcore Setting feature
        Diskette Configuration menu 2nd
        Event Logging menu 2nd 3rd
        Exit menu 2nd
        Extended Configuration menu 2nd
        Fan Control Configuration menu
        Gate A20 Option feature
        HDD S.M.A.R.T. Capability feature
        IDE Configuration menu 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
        IEEE-1394a Port feature
        main menu 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        Maintenance menu 2nd 3rd
        Operating Frequency feature
        PC Health feature
        PCI Configuration menu 2nd
        Peripheral Configuration menu 2nd
        PnP Configuration menu
        Power menu 2nd 3rd 4th
        PS/2 Mouse Function Control feature
        Quick Power On Self Test feature
        Report No FDD For WIN 95 feature
        Resource Configuration menu
        ROM Shadowing feature
        running 2nd 3rd 4th
        Security menu 2nd 3rd
        Security Option feature
        Serial ATA Controller feature
        summary of menus 2nd
        Swap Floppy Drive feature
        Typematic Delay feature
        Typematic Rate feature
        Typematic Rate Setting feature
        USB Configuration menu 2nd
        Video Configuration menu 2nd 3rd
        Virus Warning feature
    updates
        obtaining 2nd
    upgrading
        advantages of 2nd 3rd
        chip replacements 2nd 3rd
        CMOS RAM addresses 2nd 3rd
        CMOS RAM backups 2nd
        CMOS RAM diagnostic status codes 2nd
        flash ROM recovery 2nd 3rd
        flash ROM upgrades 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
        IML (Initial Microcode Load) 2nd
        keyboard-controller chips
        obtaining updates 2nd
        prerequisites 2nd 3rd
        version information 2nd 3rd
        Y2K issues
    version
        determining 2nd 3rd
    video adapter BIOS 2nd
    video BIOS 2nd 3rd
    Y2K issues
BIOS (basic input/output system)
    defined
    POST (power on self test) audio error codes 2nd
        AMI BIOS 2nd
        Award BIOS/Phoenix FirstBIOS 2nd
        IBM BIOS 2nd
        Phoenix BIOS 2nd 3rd 4th
    POST (power on self test) checkpoint codes 2nd 3rd
    POST (power on self test) onscreen messages 2nd
        Award BIOS/Phoenix FirstBIOS 2nd 3rd
        IBM BIOS 2nd 3rd 4th
    Setup program
        numeric keypads
BIOS Companion, The
BIOS parameter block
BIOS RAM checksum error

System halted (error message)
BIOS Version setting (BIOS main menu)
BIOSWorld Web site
Bipolar Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (BiCMOS)
    Pentium processors
bit cells 2nd
bit rates 2nd
bit-level ECC (error correction codes)
bit-shift translation (CHS) 2nd
    example 2nd
    L-CHS parameters
    P-CHS parameters
    rules
bitmap ($bitmap) system file (NTFS)
bits
    merge bits
    parity bits 2nd 3rd
bits (binary digits)
Black Box Corporation
    contact information
black power switch connector wires
BlackICE Software Web site
BLER (block error rate)
block error rate (BLER)
Block Mode PIO (Programmed I/O)
Block Mode setting (BIOS IDE Configuration menu)
blocked data
    with distibuted parity
    with double distibuted parity
    with parity
Blu-ray discs 2nd 3rd 4th
Blue Book standard (CD EXTRA) 2nd
Blue Book standard (CDs)
blue power switch connector wires
Bluetooth 2nd 3rd 4th
Bluetooth input devices 2nd
BNC connectors
boards
    cleaning procedures 2nd 3rd
bonding
books
    Absolute Beginner's Guide to Personal Firewalls
    Absolute BeginnerÕs Guide to Cable Internet Connections
    Absolute BeginnerÕs Guide to Personal Firewalls
    BIOS Companion, The
    ParkinsonÕs Law 2nd
    Programmer's Guide to the AMIBIOS
    Special Edition Using Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional
    Special Edition Using Microsoft Windows 98, Second Edition
    Special Edition Using Microsoft Windows Me
    Special Edition Using Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition
    Special Edition Using Microsoft Windows XP Professional
    Upgrading and Repairing Networks, Third Edition
    Upgrading and Repairing PCs, 11th Edition
    Upgrading and Repairing PCs, Eleventh Edition
    Upgrading and Repairing PCs, Tenth Anniversary Edition
boot ($boot) system file (NTFS)
boot code
Boot Code sector 2 (FAT32 volume boot records) 2nd
Boot Configuration menu (BIOS Setup) 2nd
Boot Device Priority menu (BIOS Setup) 2nd
Boot Device Priority setting (BIOS Boot menu)
Boot Error Press F1 to Retry error message
Boot menu (BIOS Setup) 2nd
boot process 2nd 3rd
    BIOS Boot Configuration menu 2nd
    BIOS Boot menu
    boot floppy disks
        CD/DVD drive support 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    bootable CDs 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    booting from CD-ROM
    DOS 2nd 3rd 4th
    errors
    operating system independent 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
        central hardware test
        cold starts
        MBR (Master Boot Record) 2nd
        Plug and Play BIOS
        POST (power on self test) 2nd 3rd 4th
        ROM BIOS 2nd
        sector errors 2nd
        VBR (Volume Boot Record)
        video ROM scan
        warm starts
    quiet boots
    rescue CDs 2nd
    SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) ports
    troubleshooting 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    Windows 9x/Me 2nd
        IO.SYS file 2nd 3rd
        real-mode configuration 2nd
        WIN.COM file 2nd 3rd 4th
    Windows NT/2000/XP 2nd 3rd
boot records
    master partition boot records 2nd
        format of 2nd 3rd 4th
        system indicator byte values 2nd
    volume boot records
        BIOS parameter block
        boot code
        creating
        FAT12/FAT16 boot record format 2nd
        FAT32 boot record format 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
        jump instruction
        signature bytes
boot ROM (read-only memory)
Boot Up Floppy Seek setting (BIOS Setup)
Boot Up System Speed setting (BIOS Setup)
bootable CDs
    creating 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
bootable CDs, creating 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
bootable DVDs
    creating 2nd 3rd 4th
bootstrap code
bootstrap loader
bootstrap troubleshooting approach 2nd 3rd 4th
Borland
    contact information
Bott, Ed
bouncing eystrokes
boxedÕ processors
BPB sector 0 (FAT32 volume boot records) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
branch prediction 2nd 3rd
    Pentium processors
branch target buffer [See BTB]
Brattain, Walter 2nd
Break codes (keyboards)
breakout boxes 2nd
BRI (basic rate interface)
bridge taps
bridges
    wireless bridges
brightness (LCD panels)
broadband Internet access
    advantages 2nd 3rd
    cable modems
        Absolute BeginnerÕs Guide to Cable Internet Connections
        asymmetrical networks
        bandwidth 2nd 3rd 4th
        bundled cable modems
        CableLabs Certified cable modems
        CATV networks 2nd 3rd
        connecting to Internet with
        costs
        DOCSIS standards 2nd
        DOCSIS-compliant cable modems
        external 2nd
        internal
        performance 2nd 3rd
        security 2nd
    comparison of access types 2nd
    convenience
    cost
    DirecWAY 2nd 3rd 4th
        commissioning
        FAP (Fair Access Policy) 2nd 3rd
        performance
        requirements 2nd
        vendors 2nd
        Web sites
    DSL (digital subscriber line)
        ADSL (asymmetric DSL)
        advantages
        availability 2nd 3rd
        CAP (carrierless amplitude/phase) 2nd
        CDSL (asymmetric DSL)
        CDSL (consumer DSL)
        costs 2nd
        DMT (discrete multitone)
        DSL modems
        DSLAM (DSL access multiplier)
        DSLReports.com Web site
        G.Lite
        low-pass filters
        microfilters
        SDSL (symmetrical DSL)
        security 2nd
        service providers 2nd
        splitters
        technical problems 2nd
        telephone line issues 2nd
        transceivers
        type comparison 2nd 3rd 4th
        xDSL
    ease of reconnection
    filtering services
    fixed-base wireless broadband
    ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) 2nd 3rd
        BRI (basic rate interface)
        costs 2nd
        kilobytes
        multiple call signaling
        PRI (primary rate interface)
        TAs (terminal adapters) 2nd
        wire feet
    ISPs (Internet Service Providers) 2nd
    leased lines
        choosing 2nd
        defined
        PoP (point of presence)
        T-1 connections 2nd 3rd
        T-3 connections 2nd
    service interruptions 2nd
    signal lights 2nd
    speed
    speeds 2nd
    StarBand 2nd 3rd 4th
    summary of access types 2nd
    TCP/IP settings
    telephone line usage
brown power switch connector wires
brushes 2nd 3rd
BSafe Online
BTB (branch target buffer)
    Pentium processors
buckling spring keyboards
buffer underrun protection
buffer underruns 2nd 3rd
buffered DIMMs (dual inline memory modules)
buffered memory modules
buffering
    stencil buffering
    T-buffers
    Z-buffering
buffers
    buffer underrun protection
    buffer underruns 2nd 3rd
    CD/DVD drives 2nd
    TLB (translation lookaside buffer)
bugs
    MTH (Memory Translator Hub) bug 2nd
    Pentium processors
        FDIV (floating-point divide) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        power management 2nd
    processor bugs 2nd
building systems. [See assembling systems]
built-in power protection systems 2nd 3rd
built-in synchronous math coprocessors
    486 processors
bulk on spindle media (CD-R)
bulletin board systems (BBSes)
bump mapping
    environment-based
bumpless build-up layer (BBUL)
bundled cable modems
burning
    ROM (read-only memory)
burning CDs
    buffer underruns 2nd 3rd
    copy protection 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        SafeAudio
        SafeDisc 2nd
    DAE (digital audio extraction) 2nd 3rd 4th
    ÕFor Music Use OnlyÕ discs 2nd
    reliability 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    software 2nd 3rd
    tips and recommendations 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
burst extended data out RAM (BEDO RAM)
bus
    video bus
        width
bus frequency (BF) pins
bus frequency pins [See BF pins]
bus masters 2nd
bus snooping
bus topology 2nd
buses
    AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) 2nd 3rd 4th
        bandwidth 2nd
        modes 2nd
        specifications
    AGP buses
    arbitrated buses
    AT-class systems 2nd 3rd 4th
    ATA (AT Attachment) 2nd
        16-bit connections
        32-bit connections
    bandwidth 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
    bus masters 2nd
    bus snooping
    bus widths 2nd 3rd
    compatibility
    defined
    DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
    DMA (Direct Memory Access) channels
        16-bit ISA 2nd
        8-bit ISA 2nd
    EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) 2nd
        bandwidth
        connectors
        interrupts 2nd
        pinouts
    HyperTransport bus
    I/O port addresses
        bus-based device port addresses 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        chipset-based device port addresses 2nd
        motherboard-based device port addresses 2nd
    identifying
    importance of 2nd
    IRQs (interrupt request channels) 2nd 3rd 4th
        16-bit ISA/EISA/MCA bus interrupts 2nd 3rd 4th
        8-bit ISA bus interrupts 2nd
        conflicts 2nd
        edge-triggered interrupt sensing
        interrupt sharing
        IRQ Steering 2nd
        maskable interrupts 2nd
        PCI interrupts 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
    ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) 2nd
        16-bit 2nd 3rd
        32-bit 2nd
        8-bit 2nd
        bandwidth
        DMA (Direct Memory Access) channels 2nd 3rd
        interrupts 2nd 3rd
    ISA buses
    local buses 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
    MCA (microchannel architecture) 2nd
        interrupts 2nd
    memory bus bandwidth
    memory buses
    MuTIOL architecture 2nd
    NICs (network interface cards) 2nd
    PC/XT-class systems
    PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface) 2nd 3rd 4th
        adapter cards
        bandwidth
        board configurations 2nd
        bus types
        interrupts 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
        modems
        PCI Express 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
        specifications 2nd
    PCI buses
    processor bus bandwidth 2nd
    processor buses 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
    processors
        address buses 2nd 3rd
        external data buses 2nd
        internal data buses 2nd 3rd 4th
    SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
        advantages and limitations 2nd 3rd
        Apple Computers
        booting
        cables 2nd 3rd 4th
        cables and connectors 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
        compared to ATA (AT Attachment) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
        data transfer rates
        drive configuration 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th<