PHP CookBook

Recipe 9.12 Creating Dropdown Menus Based on the Current Date

9.12.1 Problem

You want to create a series of dropdown menus that are based automatically on the current date.

9.12.2 Solution

Use date( ) to find the current time in the web server's time zone and loop through the days with mktime( ).

The following code generates option values for today and the six days that follow. In this case, "today" is January 1, 2002.

list($hour, $minute, $second, $month, $day, $year) = 
                                  split(':', date('h:i:s:m:d:Y'));

// print out one week's worth of days
for ($i = 0; $i < 7; ++$i) {
    $timestamp = mktime($hour, $minute, $second, $month, $day + $i, $year); 
    $date = date("D, F j, Y", $timestamp);
                
    print "<option value=\"$timestamp\">$date</option>\n";
}
<option value="946746000">Tue, January 1, 2002</option>
<option value="946832400">Wed, January 2, 2002</option>
<option value="946918800">Thu, January 3, 2002</option>
<option value="947005200">Fri, January 4, 2002</option>
<option value="947091600">Sat, January 5, 2002</option>
<option value="947178000">Sun, January 6, 2002</option>
<option value="947264400">Mon, January 7, 2002</option>

9.12.3 Discussion

In the Solution, we set the value for each date as its Unix timestamp representation because we find this easier to handle inside our programs. Of course, you can use any format you find most useful and appropriate.

Don't be tempted to eliminate the calls to mktime( ); dates and times aren't as consistent as you'd hope. Depending on what you're doing, you might not get the results you want. For example:

$timestamp = mktime(0, 0, 0, 10, 24, 2002); // October 24, 2002
$one_day = 60 * 60 * 24; // number of seconds in a day

// print out one week's worth of days
for ($i = 0; $i < 7; ++$i) {
    $date = date("D, F j, Y", $timestamp);
                
    print "<option value=\"$timestamp\">$date</option>";

    $timestamp += $one_day;
}
<option value="972619200">Fri, October 25, 2002</option>
<option value="972705600">Sat, October 26, 2002</option>
<option value="972792000">Sun, October 27, 2002</option>
<option value="972878400">Sun, October 27, 2002</option>
<option value="972964800">Mon, October 28, 2002</option>
<option value="973051200">Tue, October 29, 2002</option>
<option value="973137600">Wed, October 30, 2002</option>

This script should print out the month, day, and year for a seven-day period starting October 24, 2002. However, it doesn't work as expected.

Why are there two "Sun, October 27, 2002"s? The answer: daylight saving time. It's not true that the number of seconds in a day stays constant; in fact, it's almost guaranteed to change. Worst of all, if you're not near either of the change-over dates, you're liable to miss this bug during testing.

9.12.4 See Also

Chapter 3, particularly Recipe 3.13, but also Recipe 3.2, Recipe 3.3, Recipe 3.5, Recipe 3.11, and Recipe 3.14; documentation on date( ) at http://www.php.net/date and mktime( ) at http://www.php.net/mktime.