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• Symbols •
+ (addition operator), 77
+= (addition shortcut operator), 78
& (ampersand), 68, 69, 228
&& (ampersand, double), 139
‘ (apostrophe), 84
* (asterisk), 77, 135, 266
*= (asterisk, equal sign), 78
@ (at sign), 57, 105–106
\ (backslash), 84, 135, 342
`` (backticks), 287, 288
^ (caret), 134, 135
, (comma), 76–77. See alsoCSV file
/*...*/ (comments), 48–50
// (comments), 49
# (comments), 49
; (comments), 68
{} (curly braces)
confusing with parentheses, 326
enclosing block of statements, 36–37, 142
enclosing variable names, 60, 121
mismatched, 325–326
in pattern matching, 135
--
(decrement operator), 78
/ (division operator), 77
/= (division shortcut operator), 78
$ (dollar sign), 54, 134, 323
$$ (dollar sign, double), 60
. (dot), 85, 134
.= (dot, equal sign), 85
... (ellipses), 2
= (equal sign), 55, 132, 154, 322
=> (equal sign, right angle bracket),
99,119–120
=== (equality operator), 131
== (equality operator), 131
! (exclamation point), 142–143
> (greater than operator), 131
>= (greater than or equal operator), 131
<<<
heredoc
statement, 81
- (hyphen), 77, 89, 135, 214
-= (hyphen, equal sign), 78
-> (hyphen, right angle bracket), 190–191
++ (increment operator), 78
!= (inequality operator), 131
!== (inequality operator), 131
<> (inequality operator), 131
< (less than operator), 131
<= (less than or equal operator), 131
* (multiplication operator), 77
*= (multiplication shortcut operator), 78
\n (new line), 46–47, 82
() (parentheses)
affecting order of comparisons, 139
affecting order of operation, 77–78
confusing with curly braces, 326
indicating function call, 162, 167
mismatched, 325–326
in pattern matching, 134
% (percent sign), 77, 90
<?php...?>
tags, 38–39
+= (plus, equal sign), 78
+ (plus sign), 77, 135
++ (plus sign, double), 78
? (question mark), 134, 227
quotes, (“ double) and (‘ single)
enclosing numbers in mathematical
operations, 76
enclosing strings, 55, 59–60, 82–84
escaped characters in, 84
escaping with backslash (\), 342
magic quotes, enabling, 342
in mathematical operations, 76
special characters in, 82
using incorrectly, 323
variables in, 59–60, 82–84
; (semicolon), 36, 68, 321–322
/ (slash), 77
/= (slash, equal sign), 78
[] (square brackets), 98, 134, 135
- (subtraction operator), 77
-= (subtraction shortcut operator), 78
\t (tab), 82, 257
~ (tilde), 68
_ (underscore), 54, 61
Index
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